Organic light-emitting device, apparatus including the same, and organometallic compound

ABSTRACT

Provided are an organic light-emitting device, an apparatus including the organic light-emitting device, and an organometallic compound represented by Formula 1. The organic light-emitting device includes: a first electrode; a second electrode; and an organic layer between the first electrode and the second electrode and including an emission layer, wherein: the organic layer includes the organometallic compound represented by Formula 1.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

This application claims priority to and the benefit of Korean Patent Application No. 10-2018-0114361, filed on Sep. 21, 2018, in the Korean Intellectual Property Office, the entire content of which is incorporated herein by reference.

BACKGROUND 1. Field

One or more embodiments relate to an organic light-emitting device, and for example, to an apparatus including the organic light-emitting device and an organometallic compound.

2. Description of the Related Art

Organic light-emitting devices are self-emissive devices and, as compared with other devices of the related art, they have wide viewing angles, high contrast ratios, and short response times, and exhibit excellent characteristics in terms of luminance, driving voltage, and response speed.

In an example organic light-emitting device, a first electrode is on a substrate, and a hole transport region, an emission layer, an electron transport region, and a second electrode are sequentially formed on the first electrode. Holes provided from the first electrode may move toward the emission layer through the hole transport region, and electrons provided from the second electrode may move toward the emission layer through the electron transport region. The holes and the electrons, which are carriers, recombine in the emission layer to produce excitons. These excitons transition (e.g., relax) from an excited state to a ground state, thereby generating light.

SUMMARY

One or more embodiments include an organic light-emitting device, an apparatus including the same, and a novel organometallic compound.

Additional aspects of embodiments will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be apparent from the description, or may be learned by practice of the presented embodiments.

According to one or more embodiments, an organic light-emitting device includes a first electrode; a second electrode; and an organic layer between the first electrode and the second electrode and including an emission layer, wherein the organic layer includes an organometallic compound represented by Formula 1.

In Formulae 1, 1-1, 2-1, 2-2, 3-1, and 3-2,

M₁ is selected from a Period 1 transition metal, a Period 2 transition metal, and a Period 3 transition metal;

*1 to *4 each indicate a binding site to M₁;

L₁ is a ligand represented by Formula 1-1;

L₂ is selected from a monodentate ligand and a bidentate ligand;

n1 is 1,

n2 is selected from 0, 1, and 2;

A₁₁ to A₁₄ are each independently selected from a group represented by Formula 2-1, a group represented by Formula 2-2, a group represented by Formula 3-1, a group represented by Formula 3-2, a C₅-C₆₀ carbocyclic group, and a C₁-C₆₀ heterocyclic group;

at least one selected from A₁₁ to A₁₄ is selected from a group represented by Formula 2-1 and a group represented by Formula 2-2;

at least one selected from A₁₁ to A₁₄ is selected from a group represented by Formula 3-1 and a group represented by Formula 3-2;

Y₁₁ to Y₁₄ may each independently be selected from N and C;

T₁₁ to T₁₄ may each independently be selected from a single bond, *—O—*′, and *—S—*′;

L₁₁ to L₁₄ may each independently be selected from a single bond, *—O—*′, *S—*′, *—C(R₁₇)(R₁₈)—*′, *—C(R₁₇)=*′, *═C(R₁₇)—*′, *—C(R₁₇)═C(R₁₈)—*′, *—C(═O)—*′, *—C(═S)—*′, *—C≡C—*′, *—B(R₁₇)—*′, *—N(R₁₇)—*′, *—P(R₁₇)—*′, *—Si(R₁₇)(R₁₈)—*′, *—P(R₁₇)(R₁₈)—*′, and *—Ge(R₁₇)(R₁₈)—*′;

a11 to a14 may each independently be selected from 0, 1, 2, and 3, and at least three selected from a11 to a14 are each independently selected from 1, 2, and 3;

when a11 is 0, A₁₁ and A₁₂ may not be linked to each other, when al 2 is 0, A₁₂ and A₁₃ may not be linked to each other, when al 3 is 0, A₁₃ and A₁₄ may not be linked to each other, and when a14 is 0, A₁₄ and A₁₁ may not be linked to each other,

R₁₁ to R₁₄, R₁₇, and R₁₈ may each independently be selected from hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroarylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, —Si(Q₁)(Q₂)(Q₃), —B(Q₁)(Q₂), —N(Q₁)(Q₂), —P(Q₁)(Q₂), —C(═O)(Q₁), —S(═O)(Q₁), —S(═O)₂(Q₁), —P(═O)(Q₁)(Q₂), and —P(═S)(Q₁)(Q₂);

R₁₇ and R₁₁, R₁₇ and R₁₂, R₁₇ and R₁₃, and/or R₁₇ and R₁₄ may be optionally linked to each other to form a substituted or unsubstituted C₅-C₆₀ carbocyclic group or a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heterocyclic group,

R₁₇ and R₁₈ may be optionally linked to each other to form a substituted or unsubstituted C₅-C₆₀ carbocyclic group or a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heterocyclic group,

b11 to b14 may each independently be selected from 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8;

X₂₁ may be selected from O, S, N(R₂₄), and C(R₂₄)(R₂₅);

X₂₂ to X₂₅ may each independently be selected from N and C,

A₂₁ and A₂₂ may each independently be selected from a C₅-C₆₀ carbocyclic group and a C₁-C₆₀ heterocyclic group;

X₃₁ may be N, N—*, or C(R₃₁), X₃₂ may be N, N—*, or C(R₃₂), X₃₃ may be N, N—*, or C(R₃₃), X₃₄ may be N, N—*, or C(R₃₄), X₃₅ may be N, N—*, or C(R₃₅), X₃₆ may be N, N—*, or C(R₃₆), X₃₇ may be N, N—*, or C(R₃₇), and X₃₈ may be N, N—*, or C(R₃₈),

two or more selected from X₃₁ to X₃₄ may each independently be N or N—*,

one or more selected from X₃₅ to X₃₈ may each independently be N or N—*,

A₃₁ may be selected from a C₅-C₆₀ carbocyclic group and a C₁-C₆₀ heterocyclic group;

A₃₂ may be a C₁-C₆₀ heterocyclic group containing at least one N.

R₂₁ to R₂₅ and R₃₁ to R₃₉ may each independently be selected from a binding site, hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroarylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, —Si(Q₁)(Q₂)(Q₃), —B(Q₁)(Q₂), —N(Q₁)(Q₂), —P(Q₁)(Q₂), —C(═O)(Q₁), —S(═O)(Q₁), —S(═O)₂(Q₁), —P(═O)(Q₁)(Q₂), and —P(═S)(Q₁)(Q₂);

one, two, or three selected from R₂₁ to R₂₅ may be binding sites,

one, two, or three selected from R₃₁ to R₃₄ and R₃₉ may be binding sites,

one, two, or three selected from R₃₅ to R₃₉ may be binding sites,

Q₁ to Q₃ may each independently be selected from hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryloxy group, a C₁-C₆₀ heteroarylthio group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, a biphenyl group, and a terphenyl group; and

* and *′ each indicate a binding site to a neighboring atom.

According to one or more embodiments, an apparatus includes the organic light-emitting device.

According to one or more embodiments, an organometallic compound is represented by Formula 1.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The accompanying drawings, together with the specification, illustrate embodiments of the subject matter of the present disclosure, and, together with the description, serve to explain principles of embodiments of the subject matter of the present disclosure.

FIG. 1 shows a schematic view of an organic light-emitting device according to an embodiment;

FIG. 2 shows a schematic view of an organic light-emitting device according to an embodiment;

FIG. 3 shows a schematic view of an organic light-emitting device according to an embodiment; and

FIG. 4 shows a schematic view of an organic light-emitting device according to an embodiment.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

As the present disclosure allows for various suitable changes and numerous embodiments, example embodiments will be illustrated in the drawings and described in more detail in the written description. Effects and characteristics of embodiments of the present disclosure and methods of achieving the same will become apparent with reference to the embodiments described in more detail with reference to the drawings. The present disclosure may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as being limited to the embodiments set forth herein.

Hereinafter, the subject matter of the present disclosure will be described in more detail by explaining embodiments of the present disclosure with reference to the attached drawings. Like reference numerals in the drawings denote like elements, and thus, duplicative description thereof will not be repeated.

In the following embodiments, an expression used in the singular encompasses the expression of the plural, unless it has a clearly different meaning in the context.

In the following embodiments, it is to be understood that the terms such as “including,” “having,” and “comprising” are intended to indicate the existence of the features or components disclosed in the specification, and are not intended to preclude the possibility that one or more other features or components may exist or may be added.

In the following embodiments, when a film, area, or component is on or above another film, area, or component, the film, area, or component may be immediately on another film, area, or component, or other film, area, or component may be present therebetween.

Sizes of components in the drawings may be exaggerated for convenience of explanation. In other words, because sizes and thicknesses of components in the drawings may be arbitrarily illustrated for convenience of explanation, the following embodiments are not limited thereto

An aspect of an embodiment provides an organic light-emitting device including a first electrode; a second electrode; and an organic layer including an emission layer between the first electrode and the second electrode, wherein the organic layer includes the organometallic compound represented by Formula 1:

M₁(L₁)_(n1)(L₂)_(n2)  Formula 1

M₁ in Formula 1 may be selected from Period 1 transition metal, Period 2 transition metal, and Period 3 transition metal.

For example, M₁ in Formula 1 may be selected from platinum (Pt), palladium (Pd), copper (Cu), silver (Ag), gold (Au), rhodium (Rh), iridium (Ir), ruthenium (Ru), osmium (Os), titanium (Ti), zirconium (Zr), hafnium (Hf), europium (Eu), terbium (Tb), and thulium (Tm), but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

In one embodiment, M₁ in Formula 1 may be selected from Pt, Pd, Cu, Ag, Au, Rh, Ir, Ru, and Os, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

In one embodiment, M₁ in Formula 1 may be selected from Pt, Pd, Cu, Ag, Au, Ru, and Os, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

In one embodiment, M1 in Formula 1 may be selected from Pt, Pd, Ru, and Os, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

L₁ in Formula 1 is a ligand represented by Formula 1-1:

In Formula 1-1, *1 to *4 may each indicate a binding site to M₁; and A₁₁ to A₁₄, Y₁₁ to Y₁₄, T₁₁ to T₁₄, L₁₁ to L₁₄, a11 to a14, R₁₁ to R₁₄ and b11 to b14 may be understood by referring to the related description herein below.

In Formula 1, n1 indicates the number of L₁, and n1 may be 1.

L₂ in Formula 1 is selected from a monodentate ligand and a bidentate ligand.

In Formula 1, n2 indicates the number of L₂, and n2 may be selected from 0, 1, and 2.

For example, n2 in Formula 1 may be 0 or 2, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

In Formula 1-1, A₁₁ to A₁₄ are each independently selected from a group represented by Formula 2-1, a group represented by Formula 2-2, a group represented by Formula 3-1, a group represented by Formula 3-2, a C₅-C₆₀ carbocyclic group, and a C₁-C₆₀ heterocyclic group;

at least one selected from A₁₁ to A₁₄ is selected from a group represented by Formula 2-1 and a group represented by Formula 2-2; and

at least one selected from A₁₁ to A₁₄ is selected from a group represented by Formula 3-1 and a group represented by Formula 3-2.

For example, A₁₁ to A₁₄ in Formula 1-1 may each independently be selected from a group represented by Formula 2-1, a group represented by Formula 2-2, a group represented by Formula 3-1, a group represented by Formula 3-2, a benzene group, a naphthalene group, an anthracene group, a phenanthrene group, a phenalene group, a triphenylene group, a pyrene group, a chrysene group, cyclopentadiene group, a 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene group, a furan group, a thiophene group, a silole group, an indene group, a fluorene group, an indole group, a carbazole group, a benzofuran group, a dibenzofuran group, a benzothiophene group, a dibenzothiophene group, a benzosilole group, a dibenzosilole group, an indenopyridine group, an indolopyridine group, a benzofuropyridine group, a benzothienopyridine group, a benzosilolopyridine group, an indenopyrimidine group, an indolopyrimidine group, a benzofuropyrimidine group, a benzothienopyrimidine group, a benzosilolopyrimidine group, a dihydropyridine group, a pyridine group, a pyrimidine group, a pyrazine group, a pyridazine group, a triazine group, a quinoline group, an isoquinoline group, a quinoxaline group, a quinazoline group, a phenanthroline group, a benzoquinoline group, a benzoisoquinoline group, a benzoquinoxaline group, a benzoquinazoline group, a pyrrole group, a pyrazole group, an imidazole group, a 2,3-dihydroimidazole group, a triazole group, a 2,3-dihydrotriazole group, an oxazole group, an isooxazole group, a thiazole group, an isothiazole group, an oxadiazole group, a thiadiazole group, a benzopyrazole group, a benzimidazole group, a 2,3-dihydrobenzimidazole group, an imidazopyridine group, a 2,3-dihydroimidazopyridine group, an imidazopyrimidine group, a 2,3-dihydroimidazopyrimidine group, an imidazopyrazine group, a 2,3-dihydroimidazopyrazine group, a benzoxazole group, a benzothiazole group, a benzoxadiazole group, a benzothiadiazole group, a 5,6,7,8-tetrahydroisoquinoline group, and a 5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinoline group, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

In one embodiment, A₁₁ to A₁₄ in Formula 1-1 may each independently be selected from a group represented by Formula 2-1, a group represented by Formula 2-2, a group represented by Formula 3-1, a group represented by Formula 3-2, a benzene group, a naphthalene group, an anthracene group, a phenanthrene group, a phenalene group, a furan group, a thiophene group, an indene group, a fluorene group, an indole group, a carbazole group, a benzofuran group, a dibenzofuran group, a benzothiophene group, a dibenzothiophene group, an indenopyridine group, an indolopyridine group, a benzofuropyridine group, a benzothienopyridine group, an indenopyrimidine group, an indolopyrimidine group, a benzofuropyrimidine group, a benzothienopyrimidine group, a pyridine group, a pyrimidine group, a pyrazine group, a pyridazine group, a triazine group, a quinoline group, an isoquinoline group, a quinoxaline group, a quinazoline group, a phenanthroline group, a benzoquinoline group, a benzoisoquinoline group, a benzoquinoxaline group, a benzoquinazoline group, a pyrrole group, a pyrazole group, an imidazole group, a triazole group, an oxazole group, an isooxazole group, a thiazole group, an isothiazole group, an oxadiazole group, a thiadiazole group, a benzopyrazole group, and a benzimidazole group, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

In one embodiment, A₁₁ to A₁₄ in Formula 1-1 may each independently be selected from a group represented by Formula 2-1, a group represented by Formula 2-2, a group represented by Formula 3-1, a group represented by Formula 3-2, a benzene group, a naphthalene group, a pyridine group, a pyrimidine group, a pyrazine group, a pyridazine group, a triazine group, a quinoline group, and an isoquinoline group, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

Y₁₁ to Y₁₄ in Formula 1-1 may each independently be selected from N and C.

For example, two selected from Y₁₁ to Y₁₄ in Formula 1-1 may be C, and the remaining two may be N, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

T₁₁ to T₁₄ in Formula 1-1 may each independently be selected from a single bond, *—O—*′, and *—S—*′.

For example, T₁₁ to T₁₄ in Formula 1-1 may be a single bond.

L₁₁ to L₁₄ in Formula 1-1 may each independently be selected from a single bond, *—O—*′, *—S—*′, *—C(R₁₇)(R₁₈)—*′, *—C(R₁₇)=*′, *═C(R₁₇)—*′, *—C(R₁₇)═C(R₁₈)—*′, *—C(═O)—*′, *—C(═S)—*′, *—C≡C—*′, *—B(R₁₇)—*′, *—N(R₁₇)—*′, *—P(R₁₇)—*′, *—Si(R₁₇)(R₁₈)—*′, *P(R₁₇)(R₈)—*′, and *—Ge(R₁₇)(R₁₈)—*′;

R₁₇ and R₁₈ may be understood by referring to the related description herein below;

* and *′ each indicate a binding site to a neighboring atom.

For example, L₁₁ to L₁₄ in Formula 1-1 may each independently be selected from a single bond, *—O—*′, and *—S—*′, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

In Formula 1-1, a11 to a14 may each independently be selected from 0, 1, 2, and 3, and at least three selected from a11 to a14 may be selected from 1, 2, and 3, and

when a11 is 0, A₁₁ and A₁₂ may not be linked to each other, when al 2 is 0, A₁₂ and A₁₃ may not be linked to each other, when al 3 is 0, A₁₃ and A₁₄ may not be linked to each other, and when a14 is 0, A₁₄ and A₁₁ may not be linked to each other.

For example, a11 to a14 in Formula 1-1 may each independently be selected from 0 and 1, and

the sum of a11 to a14 may be selected from 3 and 4, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

In one embodiment, a ring of the organometallic compound including (or consisting of) M₁, T₁₁, Y₁₁, (L₁₁)_(a11), Y₁₂, and T₁₂, a ring of the organometallic compound including (or consisting of) M₁, T₁₂, Y₁₂, (L₁₂)_(a12), Y₁₃, and T₁₃, a ring of the organometallic compound including (or consisting of) M₁, T₁₃, Y₁₃, (L₁₃)_(a13), Y₁₄, and T₁₄, and a ring of the organometallic compound including (or consisting of) M₁, T₁₄, Y₁₄, (L₁₄)_(a14), Y₁₁, and T₁₁ may each independently be a 5-membered ring, a 6-membered ring, or a 7-membered ring, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

R₁₁ to R₁₄, R₁₇ and R₁₈ in Formula 1-1 may each independently be selected from hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroarylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, —Si(Q₁)(Q₂)(Q₃), —B(Q₁)(Q₂), —N(Q₁)(Q₂), —P(Q₁)(Q₂), —C(═O)(Q₁), —S(═O)(Q₁), —S(═O)₂(Q₁), —P(═O)(Q₁)(Q₂), and —P(═S)(Q₁)(Q₂);

R₁₇ and R₁₁, R₁₇ and R₁₂, R₁₇ and R₁₃, and/or R₁₇ and R₁₄ may be optionally linked to each other to form a substituted or unsubstituted C₅-C₆₀ carbocyclic group or a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heterocyclic group,

R₁₇ and R₁₈ may be optionally linked to each other to form a substituted or unsubstituted C₅-C₆₀ carbocyclic group or a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heterocyclic group,

Q₁ to Q₃ may each independently be selected from hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryloxy group, a C₁-C₆₀ heteroarylthio group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, a biphenyl group, and a terphenyl group.

For example, R₁₁ to R₁₄, R₁₇ and R₁₈ in Formula 1-1 may each independently be selected from hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a cyano group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, and a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group;

a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group and a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, each substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a cyano group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, and a terphenyl group;

a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cycloheptyl group, a cyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a pentalenyl group, an indenyl group, a naphthyl group, an azulenyl group, an indacenyl group, an acenaphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenalenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a perylenyl group, a pentacenyl group, a pyrrolyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, a silolyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, an indolyl group, an isoindolyl group, an indazolyl group, a purinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a benzoisoquinolinyl group, a phthalazinyl group, a naphthyridinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a benzoquinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a benzoquinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a phenanthridinyl group, an acridinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a phenazinyl group, a benzimidazolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, a benzosilolyl group, a benzothiazolyl group, a benzoisothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, a benzoisoxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, a thiadiazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, a triazinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a dibenzosilolyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, a naphthobenzofuranyl group, a naphthobenzothiophenyl group, a naphthobenzosilolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, a dinaphthofuranyl group, a dinaphthothiophenyl group, a dinaphtho silolyl group, an imidazopyridinyl group, an imidazopyrimidinyl group, an oxazolopyridinyl group, a thiazolopyridinyl group, a benzonaphthyridinyl group, an azafluorenyl group, an azaspiro-bifluorenyl group, an azacarbazolyl group, an azadibenzofuranyl group, an azadibenzothiophenyl group, an azadibenzosilolyl group, an indenopyrrolyl group, an indolopyrrolyl group, an indeno carbazolyl group, and an indolocarbazolyl group;

a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cycloheptyl group, a cyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a pentalenyl group, an indenyl group, a naphthyl group, an azulenyl group, an indacenyl group, an acenaphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenalenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a perylenyl group, a pentacenyl group, a pyrrolyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, a silolyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, an indolyl group, an isoindolyl group, an indazolyl group, a purinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a benzoisoquinolinyl group, a phthalazinyl group, a naphthyridinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a benzoquinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a benzoquinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a phenanthridinyl group, an acridinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a phenazinyl group, a benzimidazolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, a benzosilolyl group, a benzothiazolyl group, a benzoisothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, a benzoisoxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, a thiadiazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, a triazinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a dibenzosilolyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, a naphthobenzofuranyl group, a naphthobenzothiophenyl group, a naphthobenzosilolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, a dinaphthofuranyl group, a dinaphthothiophenyl group, a dinaphtho silolyl group, an imidazopyridinyl group, an imidazopyrimidinyl group, an oxazolopyridinyl group, a thiazolopyridinyl group, a benzonaphthyridinyl group, an azafluorenyl group, an azaspiro-bifluorenyl group, an azacarbazolyl group, an azadibenzofuranyl group, an azadibenzothiophenyl group, an azadibenzosilolyl group, an indenopyrrolyl group, an indolopyrrolyl group, an indeno carbazolyl group, and an indolocarbazolyl group, each substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a cyano group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cycloheptyl group, a cyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a pentalenyl group, an indenyl group, a naphthyl group, an azulenyl group, an indacenyl group, an acenaphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenalenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a perylenyl group, a pentacenyl group, a pyrrolyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, a silolyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, an indolyl group, an isoindolyl group, an indazolyl group, a purinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a benzoisoquinolinyl group, a phthalazinyl group, a naphthyridinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a benzoquinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a benzoquinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a phenanthridinyl group, an acridinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a phenazinyl group, a benzimidazolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, a benzosilolyl group, a benzothiazolyl group, a benzoisothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, a benzoisoxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, a thiadiazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, a triazinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a dibenzosilolyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, a naphthobenzofuranyl group, a naphthobenzothiophenyl group, a naphthobenzosilolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, a dinaphthofuranyl group, a dinaphthothiophenyl group, a dinaphtho silolyl group, an imidazopyridinyl group, an imidazopyrimidinyl group, an oxazolopyridinyl group, a thiazolopyridinyl group, a benzonaphthyridinyl group, an azafluorenyl group, an azaspiro-bifluorenyl group, an azacarbazolyl group, an azadibenzofuranyl group, an azadibenzothiophenyl group, an azadibenzosilolyl group, an indenopyrrolyl group, an indolopyrrolyl group, an indeno carbazolyl group, an indolocarbazolyl group, —Si(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂)(Q₃₃), —N(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂), —B(Q₃₁) (Q₃₂), —C(═O)(Q₃₁), —S(═O)(Q₃₁), —S(═O)₂(Q₃₁), P(═O)(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂), and —P(═S)(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂); and

—Si(Q₁)(Q₂)(Q₃), —N(Q₁)(Q₂), —B(Q₁)(Q₂), —C(═O)(Q₁), —S(═O)(Q₁), —S(═O)₂(Q₁), —P(═O)(Q₁)(Q₂), and —P(═S)(Q₁)(Q₂),

wherein Q₁ to Q₃ and Q₃₁ to Q₃₃ may each independently be selected from hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, a biphenyl group, and a terphenyl group, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

In one embodiment, R₁₁ to R₁₄, R₁₇ and R₁₈ in Formula 1-1 may each independently be selected from hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a cyano group, and a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group;

a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, and a cyano group;

a group represented by one of Formulae 5-1 to 5-138; and

—Si(Q₁)(Q₂)(Q₃), —N(Q₁)(Q₂), —B(Q₁)(Q₂), —C(═O)(Q₁), —S(═O)(Q₁), —S(═O)₂(Q₁), —P(═O)(Q₁)(Q₂), and —P(═S)(Q₁)(Q₂), but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto:

In Formulae 5-1 to 5-138,

X₅₁ may be selected from O, S, N(R₅₁), and C(R₅₁)(R₆₀);

X₅₂ may be N or C(R₅₂), X₅₃ may be N or C(R₅₃), X₅₄ may be N or C(R₅₄), X₅₅ may be N or C(R₅₅), X₅₆ may be N or C(R₅₆), X₅₇ may be N or C(R₅₇), X₅₈ may be N or C(R₅₈), and X₅₉ may be N or C(R₅₉);

R₅₁ to R₆₀ may each independently be selected from hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a perylenyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, a silolyl group, a carbazolyl group, an indolyl group, an isoindolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, a benzosilolyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzosilolyl group, —Si(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂)(Q₃₃), —N(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂), —B(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂), —C(═O)(Q₃₁), —S(═O)(Q₃₁), —S(═O)₂(Q₃₁), —P(═O)(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂), and —P(═S)(Q₃₁) (Q₃₂);

Q₁ to Q₃ and Q₃₁ to Q₃₃ may each independently be selected from a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, and a terphenyl group;

b51 may be selected from 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5;

b52 may be selected from 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7;

b53 may be selected from 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9;

b54 may be selected from 1, 2, 3, and 4;

b55 may be selected from 1, 2, and 3;

b56 may be selected from 1 and 2;

b57 may be selected from 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6; and

* indicates a binding site to a neighbouring atom.

In one embodiment, R₁₁ to R₁₄, R₁₇ and R₁₈ in Formula 1-1 may each independently be selected from hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a cyano group, a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group, an isopropyl group, an n-butyl group, an isobutyl group, a sec-butyl group, and a tert-butyl group;

a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group, an isopropyl group, an n-butyl group, an isobutyl group, a sec-butyl group, and a tert-butyl group, each substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, and a cyano group; and

a group represented by one of Formulae 6-1 to 6-257, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto:

In Formulae 6-1 to 6-257,

t-Bu is a tert-butyl group;

Ph is a phenyl group;

1-Naph is an 1-naphthyl group;

2-Naph is a 2-naphthyl group; and

* indicates a binding site to a neighbouring atom.

b11 to b14 in Formula 1-1 may each independently be selected from 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8.

In Formulae 2-1 and 2-2, X₂₁ may be selected from O, S, N(R₂₄), and C(R₂₄)(R₂₅); and

R₂₄ and R₂₅ will be further described herein below.

For example, X₂₁ in Formulae 2-1 and 2-2 may be N(R₂₄), but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

X₂₂ to X₂₅ in Formulae 2-1 and 2-2 may each independently be N and C.

For example, X₂₂ to X₂₅ in Formulae 2-1 and 2-2 may be C, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

A₂₁ and A₂₂ in Formulae 2-1 and 2-2 may each independently be selected from a C₅-C₆₀ carbocyclic group and a C₁-C₆₀ heterocyclic group.

For example, A₂₁ and A₂₂ in Formulae 2-1 and 2-2 may each independently be selected from a benzene group, a naphthalene group, a phenanthrene group, a phenalene group, a pyridine group, a pyrimidine group, a pyrazine group, a pyridazine group, a triazine group, a quinoline group, an isoquinoline group, a quinoxaline group, and a quinazoline group, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

In one embodiment, A₂₁ and A₂₂ in Formulae 2-1 and 2-2 may each independently be selected from a benzene group, a naphthalene group, a phenanthrene group, a phenalene group, a pyridine group, a quinoline group, and an isoquinoline group, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

R₂₁ to R₂₅ in Formulae 2-1 and 2-2 may each independently be selected from a binding site, hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroarylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, —Si(Q₁)(Q₂)(Q₃), —B(Q₁)(Q₂), —N(Q₁)(Q₂), —P(Q₁)(Q₂), —C(═O)(Q₁), —S(═O)(Q₁), —S(═O)₂(Q₁), —P(═O)(Q₁)(Q₂), and —P(═S)(Q₁)(Q₂);

one, two, or three selected from R₂₁ to R₂₅ may be binding sites,

Q₁ to Q₃ may each independently be selected from hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryloxy group, a C₁-C₆₀ heteroarylthio group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, a biphenyl group, and a terphenyl group.

For example, R₂₁ to R₂₅ in Formulae 2-1 and 2-2 may each independently be selected from a binding site, hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a cyano group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, and a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group;

a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group and a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, each substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a cyano group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, and a terphenyl group;

a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cycloheptyl group, a cyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a pentalenyl group, an indenyl group, a naphthyl group, an azulenyl group, an indacenyl group, an acenaphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenalenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a perylenyl group, a pentacenyl group, a pyrrolyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, a silolyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, an indolyl group, an isoindolyl group, an indazolyl group, a purinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a benzoisoquinolinyl group, a phthalazinyl group, a naphthyridinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a benzoquinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a benzoquinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a phenanthridinyl group, an acridinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a phenazinyl group, a benzimidazolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, a benzosilolyl group, a benzothiazolyl group, a benzoisothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, a benzoisoxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, a thiadiazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, a triazinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a dibenzosilolyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, a naphthobenzofuranyl group, a naphthobenzothiophenyl group, a naphthobenzosilolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, a dinaphthofuranyl group, a dinaphthothiophenyl group, a dinaphtho silolyl group, an imidazopyridinyl group, an imidazopyrimidinyl group, an oxazolopyridinyl group, a thiazolopyridinyl group, a benzonaphthyridinyl group, an azafluorenyl group, an azaspiro-bifluorenyl group, an azacarbazolyl group, an azadibenzofuranyl group, an azadibenzothiophenyl group, an azadibenzosilolyl group, an indenopyrrolyl group, an indolopyrrolyl group, an indeno carbazolyl group, and an indolocarbazolyl group;

a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cycloheptyl group, a cyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a pentalenyl group, an indenyl group, a naphthyl group, an azulenyl group, an indacenyl group, an acenaphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenalenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a perylenyl group, a pentacenyl group, a pyrrolyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, a silolyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, an indolyl group, an isoindolyl group, an indazolyl group, a purinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a benzoisoquinolinyl group, a phthalazinyl group, a naphthyridinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a benzoquinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a benzoquinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a phenanthridinyl group, an acridinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a phenazinyl group, a benzimidazolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, a benzosilolyl group, a benzothiazolyl group, a benzoisothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, a benzoisoxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, a thiadiazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, a triazinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a dibenzosilolyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, a naphthobenzofuranyl group, a naphthobenzothiophenyl group, a naphthobenzosilolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, a dinaphthofuranyl group, a dinaphthothiophenyl group, a dinaphtho silolyl group, an imidazopyridinyl group, an imidazopyrimidinyl group, an oxazolopyridinyl group, a thiazolopyridinyl group, a benzonaphthyridinyl group, an azafluorenyl group, an azaspiro-bifluorenyl group, an azacarbazolyl group, an azadibenzofuranyl group, an azadibenzothiophenyl group, an azadibenzosilolyl group, an indenopyrrolyl group, an indolopyrrolyl group, an indeno carbazolyl group, and an indolocarbazolyl group, each substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a cyano group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cycloheptyl group, a cyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a pentalenyl group, an indenyl group, a naphthyl group, an azulenyl group, an indacenyl group, an acenaphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenalenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a perylenyl group, a pentacenyl group, a pyrrolyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, a silolyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, an indolyl group, an isoindolyl group, an indazolyl group, a purinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a benzoisoquinolinyl group, a phthalazinyl group, a naphthyridinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a benzoquinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a benzoquinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a phenanthridinyl group, an acridinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a phenazinyl group, a benzimidazolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, a benzosilolyl group, a benzothiazolyl group, a benzoisothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, a benzoisoxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, a thiadiazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, a triazinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a dibenzosilolyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, a naphthobenzofuranyl group, a naphthobenzothiophenyl group, a naphthobenzosilolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, a dinaphthofuranyl group, a dinaphthothiophenyl group, a dinaphtho silolyl group, an imidazopyridinyl group, an imidazopyrimidinyl group, an oxazolopyridinyl group, a thiazolopyridinyl group, a benzonaphthyridinyl group, an azafluorenyl group, an azaspiro-bifluorenyl group, an azacarbazolyl group, an azadibenzofuranyl group, an azadibenzothiophenyl group, an azadibenzosilolyl group, an indenopyrrolyl group, an indolopyrrolyl group, an indeno carbazolyl group, an indolocarbazolyl group, —Si(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂)(Q₃₃), —N(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂), —B(Q₃₁) (Q₃₂), —C(═O)(Q₃₁), —S(═O)(Q₃₁), —S(═O)₂(Q₃₁), P(═O)(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂), and —P(═S)(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂); and

—Si(Q₁)(Q₂)(Q₃), —N(Q₁)(Q₂), —B(Q₁)(Q₂), —C(═O)(Q₁), —S(═O)(Q₁), —S(═O)₂(Q₁), —P(═O)(Q₁)(Q₂), and —P(═S)(Q₁)(Q₂);

Q₁ to Q₃ and Q₃₁ to Q₃₃ may each independently be selected from hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, a biphenyl group, and a terphenyl group, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

In one embodiment, R₂₁ to R₂₅ in Formulae 2-1 and 2-2 may each independently be selected from a binding site, hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a cyano group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group;

a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, and a cyano group;

a group represented by one of Formulae 5-1 to 5-138; and

—Si(Q₁)(Q₂)Q₃), —N(Q₁)(Q₂), —B(Q₁)(Q₂), —C(═O)(Q₁), —S(═O)(Q₁), —S(═O)₂(Q₁), —P(═O)(Q₁)(Q₂), and —P(═S)(Q₁)(Q₂), but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

In one embodiment, R₂₁ to Re₂₅ in Formulae 2-1 and 2-2 may each independently be selected from a binding site, hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a cyano group, a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group, an isopropyl group, an n-butyl group, an isobutyl group, a sec-butyl group, and a tert-butyl group;

a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group, an isopropyl group, an n-butyl group, an isobutyl group, a sec-butyl group, and a tert-butyl group, each substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, and a cyano group; and

a group represented by one of Formulae 6-1 to 6-257, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

In one embodiment, a group represented by Formula 2-1 and a group represented by Formula 2-2 may each independently be a group represented by one of Formulae 2-11 to 2-26, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto:

In Formulae 2-11 to 2-26,

X₂₁ may be selected from O, S, N(R₂₄) and C(R₂₄)(R₂₅),

X_(26a) may be N, N—*, or C(R_(26a)), X_(26b) may be N, N—*, or C(R_(26b)), X_(26c) may be N, N—*, or C(R_(26c)), X_(26d) may be N, N—*, or C(R_(26d)), X_(26e) may be N, N—*, or C(R_(26e)), X_(26f) may be N, N—*, or C(R_(26f)), X_(26g) may be N, N—*, or C(R_(26g)), X_(26h) may be N, N—*, or C(R_(26h)), X_(26i) may be N, N—*, or C(R_(26i)), X_(26j) may be N, N—*, or C(R_(26j)), X_(26k) may be N, N—*, or C(R_(26k)), X_(26l) may be N, N—*, or C(R_(26l)),

R₂₄, R₂₅ and R_(26a) to R_(26l) may each independently be understood by referring to the definition of R₂₁ presented in connection with Formulae 2-1 and 2-2,

one, two, or three selected from R₂₄, R₂₅ and R_(26a) to R_(26h) in Formula 2-11 are binding sites,

one, two, or three selected from R₂₄, R₂₅ and R_(26a) to R_(26j) in Formulae 2-12 to 2-14 are binding sites,

one, two, or three selected from R₂₄, R₂₅ and R_(26a) to R_(26l) in Formulae 2-15 to 2-23 are binding sites,

one, two, or three selected from R₂₄, R₂₅ and R_(26a) to R_(26k) in Formulae 2-24 and 2-25 are binding sites,

one, two, or three selected from R₂₄, R₂₅ and R_(26a) to R_(26h) in Formula 2-26 are binding sites, and

* indicates a binding site to a neighbouring atom.

In one embodiment, a group represented by Formula 2-1 and a group represented by Formula 2-2 may each independently be a group represented by one of Formulae 2-31 to 2-44, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto:

In Formulae 2-31 to 2-44,

X_(26c) may be N or C(R_(26b)), X_(26d) may be N or C(R_(26d)), X_(26e) may be N or C(R_(26e)), X_(26f) may be N or C(R_(26f)), X_(26g) may be N or C(R_(26g)), X_(26h) may be N or C(R_(26h)), X_(26i) may be N or C(R_(26i)), X_(26j) may be N or C(R_(26j)), X_(26k) may be N or C(R_(26k)), and X_(26l) may be N or C(R_(26l)),

R_(26c) to R_(26l) may each independently be selected from hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroarylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, —Si(Q₁)(Q₂)(Q₃), —B(Q₁)(Q₂), —N(Q₁)(Q₂), —P(Q₁)(Q₂), —C(═O)(Q₁), —S(═O)(Q₁), —S(═O)₂(Q₁), —P(═O)(Q₁)(Q₂), and —P(═S)(Q₁)(Q₂);

Q₁ to Q₃ may each independently be selected from hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryloxy group, a C₁-C₆₀ heteroarylthio group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, a biphenyl group, and a terphenyl group; and

*, *′ and *″ each indicate a binding site to a neighboring atom.

In Formulae 3-1 and 3-2, X₃₁ may be N, N—* or C(R₃₁), X₃₂ may be N, N—*, or C(R₃₂), X₃₃ may be N, N—* or C(R₃₃), X₃₄ may be N, N—*, or C(R₃₄), X₃₅ may be N, N—*, or C(R₃₅), X₃₆ may be N, N—*, or C(R₃₆), X₃₇ may be N, N—*, or C(R₃₇), X₃₈ may be N, N—*, or C(R₃₈),

two or more selected from X₃₁ to X₃₄ may be N or N—*, and

one or more selected from X₃₅ to X₃₈ may be N or N—*.

For example, in Formula 3-1,

X₃₁ and X₃₂ may each independently be N or N—*;

X₃₁ and X₃₃ may each independently be N or N—*;

X₃₁ and X₃₄ may each independently be N or N—*;

X₃₂ and X₃₃ may each independently be N or N—*;

X₃₂ and X₃₄ may each independently be N or N—*; or

X₃₃ and X₃₄ may each independently be N or N—*;

in Formula 3-2,

X₃₅ may be N or N—*;

X₃₆ may be N or N—*;

X₃₇ may be N or N—*; or

X₃₈ may be N or N—*, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

A₃₁ in Formula 3-1 may be selected from a C₅-C₆₀ carbocyclic group and a C₁-C₆₀ heterocyclic group.

For example, A₃₁ in Formula 3-1 may be selected from a benzene group, a naphthalene group, an anthracene group, a phenanthrene group, a phenalene group, a triphenylene group, a pyrene group, a chrysene group, cyclopentadiene group, a 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene group, a furan group, a thiophene group, a silole group, an indene group, a fluorene group, an indole group, a carbazole group, a benzofuran group, a dibenzofuran group, a benzothiophene group, a dibenzothiophene group, a benzosilole group, a dibenzosilole group, an indenopyridine group, an indolopyridine group, a benzofuropyridine group, a benzothienopyridine group, a benzosilolopyridine group, an indenopyrimidine group, an indolopyrimidine group, a benzofuropyrimidine group, a benzothienopyrimidine group, a benzosilolopyrimidine group, a dihydropyridine group, a pyridine group, a pyrimidine group, a pyrazine group, a pyridazine group, a triazine group, a quinoline group, an isoquinoline group, a quinoxaline group, a quinazoline group, a phenanthroline group, a benzoquinoline group, a benzoisoquinoline group, a benzoquinoxaline group, a benzoquinazoline group, a pyrrole group, a pyrazole group, an imidazole group, a 2,3-dihydroimidazole group, a triazole group, a 2,3-dihydrotriazole group, an oxazole group, an isooxazole group, a thiazole group, an isothiazole group, an oxadiazole group, a thiadiazole group, a benzopyrazole group, a benzimidazole group, a 2,3-dihydrobenzimidazole group, an imidazopyridine group, a 2,3-dihydroimidazopyridine group, an imidazopyrimidine group, a 2,3-dihydroimidazopyrimidine group, an imidazopyrazine group, a 2,3-dihydroimidazopyrazine group, a benzoxazole group, a benzothiazole group, a benzoxadiazole group, a benzothiadiazole group, a 5,6,7,8-tetrahydroisoquinoline group, and a 5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinoline group, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

In one embodiment, A₃₁ in Formula 3-1 may be selected from a benzene group, a naphthalene group, an anthracene group, a phenanthrene group, a phenalene group, a furan group, a thiophene group, an indene group, a fluorene group, an indole group, a carbazole group, a benzofuran group, a dibenzofuran group, a benzothiophene group, a dibenzothiophene group, an indenopyridine group, an indolopyridine group, a benzofuropyridine group, a benzothienopyridine group, an indenopyrimidine group, an indolopyrimidine group, a benzofuropyrimidine group, a benzothienopyrimidine group, a pyridine group, a pyrimidine group, a pyrazine group, a pyridazine group, a triazine group, a quinoline group, an isoquinoline group, a quinoxaline group, a quinazoline group, a phenanthroline group, a benzoquinoline group, a benzoisoquinoline group, a benzoquinoxaline group, a benzoquinazoline group, a pyrrole group, a pyrazole group, an imidazole group, a triazole group, an oxazole group, an isooxazole group, a thiazole group, an isothiazole group, an oxadiazole group, a thiadiazole group, a benzopyrazole group, and a benzimidazole group, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

In one embodiment, A₃₁ in Formula 3-1 may be selected from a benzene group, a naphthalene group, a pyridine group, a pyrimidine group, a pyrazine group, a pyridazine group, a triazine group, a quinoline group, and an isoquinoline group, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

A₃₂ in Formula 3-2 may be a C₁-C₆₀ heterocyclic group containing at least one N.

For example, A₃₂ in Formula 3-2 may be selected from an indole group, a carbazole group, an indenopyridine group, an indolopyridine group, a benzofuropyridine group, a benzothienopyridine group, a benzosilolopyridine group, an indenopyrimidine group, an indolopyrimidine group, a benzofuropyrimidine group, a benzothienopyrimidine group, a benzosilolopyrimidine group, a dihydropyridine group, a pyridine group, a pyrimidine group, a pyrazine group, a pyridazine group, a triazine group, a quinoline group, an isoquinoline group, a quinoxaline group, a quinazoline group, a phenanthroline group, a benzoquinoline group, a benzoisoquinoline group, a benzoquinoxaline group, a benzoquinazoline group, a pyrrole group, a pyrazole group, an imidazole group, a 2,3-dihydroimidazole group, a triazole group, a 2,3-dihydrotriazole group, an oxazole group, an isooxazole group, a thiazole group, an isothiazole group, an oxadiazole group, a thiadiazole group, a benzopyrazole group, a benzimidazole group, a 2,3-dihydrobenzimidazole group, an imidazopyridine group, a 2,3-dihydroimidazopyridine group, an imidazopyrimidine group, a 2,3-dihydroimidazopyrimidine group, an imidazopyrazine group, a 2,3-dihydroimidazopyrazine group, a benzoxazole group, a benzothiazole group, a benzoxadiazole group, a benzothiadiazole group, a 5,6,7,8-tetrahydroisoquinoline group, and a 5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinoline group, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

In one embodiment, A₃₂ in Formula 3-2 may be selected from an indole group, a carbazole group, an indenopyridine group, an indolopyridine group, a benzofuropyridine group, a benzothienopyridine group, an indenopyrimidine group, an indolopyrimidine group, a benzofuropyrimidine group, a benzothienopyrimidine group, a pyridine group, a pyrimidine group, a pyrazine group, a pyridazine group, a triazine group, a quinoline group, an isoquinoline group, a quinoxaline group, a quinazoline group, a phenanthroline group, a benzoquinoline group, a benzoisoquinoline group, a benzoquinoxaline group, a benzoquinazoline group, a pyrrole group, a pyrazole group, an imidazole group, a triazole group, an oxazole group, an isooxazole group, a thiazole group, an isothiazole group, an oxadiazole group, a thiadiazole group, a benzopyrazole group, and a benzimidazole group, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

In one embodiment, A₃₂ in Formula 3-2 may be selected from a pyridine group, a pyrimidine group, a pyrazine group, a pyridazine group, a triazine group, a quinoline group, and an isoquinoline group, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

In one embodiment, in Formula 3-1,

X₃₁ and X₃₂ may each independently be N or N—*;

X₃₁ and X₃₃ may each independently be N or N—*;

X₃₁ and X₃₄ may each independently be N or N—*;

X₃₂ and X₃₃ may each independently be N or N—*;

X₃₂ and X₃₄ may each independently be N or N—*; or

X₃₃ and X₃₄ may each independently be N or N—*;

A₃₁ may be selected from a benzene group, a naphthalene group, a pyridine group, a pyrimidine group, a pyrazine group, a pyridazine group, a triazine group, a quinoline group, and an isoquinoline group; and

in Formula 3-2,

X₃₅ may be N or N—*;

X₃₆ may be N or N—*;

X₃₇ may be N or N—*; or

X₃₈ may be N or N—*;

A₃₂ may be selected from a pyridine group, a pyrimidine group, a pyrazine group, a pyridazine group, a triazine group, a quinoline group, and an isoquinoline group, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

R₃₁ to R₃₉ in Formulae 3-1 and 3-2 may each independently be selected from a binding site, hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroarylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, —Si(Q₁)(Q₂)(Q₃), —B(Q₁)(Q₂), —N(Q₁)(Q₂), —P(Q₁)(Q₂), —C(═O)(Q₁), —S(═O)(Q₁), —S(═O)₂(Q₁), —P(═O)(Q₁)(Q₂), and —P(═S)(Q₁)(Q₂);

one, two, or three selected from R₃₁ to R₃₄ and R₃₉ may be binding sites, and

one, two, or three selected from R₃₅ to R₃₉ may be binding sites,

wherein Q₁ to Q₃ may each independently be selected from hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryloxy group, a C₁-C₆₀ heteroarylthio group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, a biphenyl group, and a terphenyl group.

For example, R₃₁ to R₃₉ in Formula 3-1 and 3-2 may each independently be selected from a binding site, hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a cyano group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, and a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group;

a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group and a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, each substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a cyano group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, and a terphenyl group;

a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cycloheptyl group, a cyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a pentalenyl group, an indenyl group, a naphthyl group, an azulenyl group, an indacenyl group, an acenaphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenalenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a perylenyl group, a pentacenyl group, a pyrrolyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, a silolyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, an indolyl group, an isoindolyl group, an indazolyl group, a purinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a benzoisoquinolinyl group, a phthalazinyl group, a naphthyridinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a benzoquinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a benzoquinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a phenanthridinyl group, an acridinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a phenazinyl group, a benzimidazolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, a benzosilolyl group, a benzothiazolyl group, a benzoisothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, a benzoisoxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, a thiadiazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, a triazinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a dibenzosilolyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, a naphthobenzofuranyl group, a naphthobenzothiophenyl group, a naphthobenzosilolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, a dinaphthofuranyl group, a dinaphthothiophenyl group, a dinaphtho silolyl group, an imidazopyridinyl group, an imidazopyrimidinyl group, an oxazolopyridinyl group, a thiazolopyridinyl group, a benzonaphthyridinyl group, an azafluorenyl group, an azaspiro-bifluorenyl group, an azacarbazolyl group, an azadibenzofuranyl group, an azadibenzothiophenyl group, an azadibenzosilolyl group, an indenopyrrolyl group, an indolopyrrolyl group, an indeno carbazolyl group, and an indolocarbazolyl group;

a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cycloheptyl group, a cyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a pentalenyl group, an indenyl group, a naphthyl group, an azulenyl group, an indacenyl group, an acenaphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenalenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a perylenyl group, a pentacenyl group, a pyrrolyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, a silolyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, an indolyl group, an isoindolyl group, an indazolyl group, a purinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a benzoisoquinolinyl group, a phthalazinyl group, a naphthyridinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a benzoquinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a benzoquinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a phenanthridinyl group, an acridinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a phenazinyl group, a benzimidazolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, a benzosilolyl group, a benzothiazolyl group, a benzoisothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, a benzoisoxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, a thiadiazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, a triazinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a dibenzosilolyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, a naphthobenzofuranyl group, a naphthobenzothiophenyl group, a naphthobenzosilolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, a dinaphthofuranyl group, a dinaphthothiophenyl group, a dinaphtho silolyl group, an imidazopyridinyl group, an imidazopyrimidinyl group, an oxazolopyridinyl group, a thiazolopyridinyl group, a benzonaphthyridinyl group, an azafluorenyl group, an azaspiro-bifluorenyl group, an azacarbazolyl group, an azadibenzofuranyl group, an azadibenzothiophenyl group, an azadibenzosilolyl group, an indenopyrrolyl group, an indolopyrrolyl group, an indeno carbazolyl group, and an indolocarbazolyl group, each substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a cyano group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cycloheptyl group, a cyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a pentalenyl group, an indenyl group, a naphthyl group, an azulenyl group, an indacenyl group, an acenaphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenalenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a perylenyl group, a pentacenyl group, a pyrrolyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, a silolyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, an indolyl group, an isoindolyl group, an indazolyl group, a purinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a benzoisoquinolinyl group, a phthalazinyl group, a naphthyridinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a benzoquinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a benzoquinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a phenanthridinyl group, an acridinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a phenazinyl group, a benzimidazolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, a benzosilolyl group, a benzothiazolyl group, a benzoisothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, a benzoisoxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, a thiadiazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, a triazinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a dibenzosilolyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, a naphthobenzofuranyl group, a naphthobenzothiophenyl group, a naphthobenzosilolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, a dinaphthofuranyl group, a dinaphthothiophenyl group, a dinaphtho silolyl group, an imidazopyridinyl group, an imidazopyrimidinyl group, an oxazolopyridinyl group, a thiazolopyridinyl group, a benzonaphthyridinyl group, an azafluorenyl group, an azaspiro-bifluorenyl group, an azacarbazolyl group, an azadibenzofuranyl group, an azadibenzothiophenyl group, an azadibenzosilolyl group, an indenopyrrolyl group, an indolopyrrolyl group, an indeno carbazolyl group, an indolocarbazolyl group, —Si(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂)(Q₃₃), —N(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂), —B(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂), —C(═O)(Q₃₁), —S(═O)(Q₃₁), —S(═O)₂(Q₃₁), P(═O)(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂), and —P(═S)(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂); and

—Si(Q₁)(Q₂)(Q₃), —N(Q₁)(Q₂), —B(Q₁)(Q₂), —C(═O)(Q₁), —S(═O)(Q₁), —S(═O)₂(Q₁), —P(═O)(Q₁)(Q₂), and —P(═S)(Q₁)(Q₂),

wherein Q₁ to Q₃ and Q₃₁ to Q₃₃ may each independently be selected from hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, a biphenyl group, and a terphenyl group, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

In one embodiment, R₃₁ to R₃₉ in Formula 3-1 and 3-2 may each independently be selected from a binding site, hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a cyano group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group;

a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, and a cyano group;

a group represented by one of Formulae 5-1 to 5-138; and

—Si(Q₁)(Q₂)(Q₃), —N(Q₁)(Q₂), —B(Q₁)(Q₂), —C(═O)(Q₁), —S(═O)(Q₁), —S(═O)₂(Q₁), —P(═O)(Q₁)(Q₂), and —P(═S)(Q₁)(Q₂), but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto:

In one embodiment, R₃₁ to R₃₉ in Formula 3-1 and 3-2 may each independently be selected from a binding site, hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a cyano group, a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group, an isopropyl group, an n-butyl group, an isobutyl group, a sec-butyl group, and a tert-butyl group;

a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group, an isopropyl group, an n-butyl group, an isobutyl group, a sec-butyl group, and a tert-butyl group, each substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, and a cyano group; and

a group represented by one of Formulae 6-1 to 6-257, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto:

In one embodiment, L₁ in Formula 1 may be a ligand represented by Formula 1-11, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto:

In Formula 1-11,

*1 to *4, A₁₁ to A₁₄, Y₁₁ to Y₁₄, T₁ to T₁₄, L₁₁ to L₁₃, a11 to a13, R₁₁ to R₁₄ and b11 to b14 may be understood by referring to the description provided in connection with Formula 1-1.

In one embodiment, L₁ in Formula 1 may be a ligand represented by Formula 1-21, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto:

wherein, in Formula 1-21,

*1 to *4, A₁₁ to A₁₄, Y₁₁ to Y₁₄, L₁₁ to L₁₃, R₁₁ to R₁₄ and b11 to b14 may be understood by referring to the description provided in connection with Formula 1-1.

In one or more embodiments, L₁ in Formula 1 may be a ligand represented by Formula 1-31 or 1-32, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto:

wherein, in Formulae 1-31 and 1-32,

*1 to *4, A₁₁ to A₁₄, Y₁₁ to Y₁₄, L₁₂R₁₁ to R₁₄, and b11 to b14 may be understood by referring to the description provided in connection with Formula 1-1.

L₂ in Formula 1 may be a ligand represented by one of Formulae 7-1 to 7-11, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto:

wherein, in Formulae 7-1 to 7-11,

A₇₁ and A₇₂ may each independently be selected from a C₅-C₂₀ carbocyclic group and a C₁-C₂₀ heterocyclic group;

X₇₁ and X₇₂ may each independently be selected from C and N;

X₇₃ may be N or C(Q₇₃); X₂₄ may be N or C(Q₇₄); X₇₅ may be N or C(Q₇₅); X₇₆ may be N or C(Q₇₆); X₂₇ may be N or C(Q₇₇);

X₇₈ may be O, S, or N(Q₇₈); X₂₉ may be O, S, or N(Q₇₉);

Y₇₁ and Y₇₂ may each independently be selected from a single bond, a double bond, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₅ alkylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₅ alkenylene group, and a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₁₀ arylene group;

Z₇₁ and Z₇₂ may each independently be selected from N, O, N(R₇₅), P(R₇₅)(R₇₆), and As(R₇₅)(R₇₆);

Z₇₃ may be selected from P and As;

Z₇₄ may be selected from CO and CH₂;

R₇₁ to R₈₀ and Q₇₃ to Q₇₉ may each independently be selected from hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group; R₇₁ and R₇₂ may optionally be linked to form a ring; R₇₇ and R₇₈ may optionally be linked to form a ring; R₇₈ and R₇₉ may optionally be linked to form a ring; and R₇₉ and R₈₀ may optionally be linked to form a ring;

b71 and b72 may each independently be selected from 1, 2, and 3; and

* and *′ each indicate a binding site to a neighboring atom.

For example, A₇₁ and A₇₂ in Formula 7-1 may each independently be selected from a benzene group, a naphthalene group, an imidazole group, a benzimidazole group, a pyridine group, a pyrimidine group, a triazine group, a quinoline group, and an isoquinoline group, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

For example, X₇₂ and X₇₉ in Formula 7-1 may be N, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

For example, in Formula 7-7, X₇₃ may be C(Q₇₃); X₇₄ may be C(Q₇₄); X₇₅ may be C(Q₇₅); X₇₆ may be C(Q₇₆); and X₇₇ may be C(Q₇₇), but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

For example, in Formula 7-8, X₇₈ may be N(Q₇₈); and X₇₉ may be N(Q₇₉), but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

For example, Y₇₁ and Y₇₂ in Formulae 7-2, 7-3, and 7-8 may each independently be selected from a substituted or unsubstituted methylene group, and a substituted or unsubstituted phenylene group, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

For example, Z₇₁ and Z₇₂ in Formula 7-1 and 7-2 may be 0, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

For example, Z₇₃ in Formula 7-4 may be P, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

For example, R₇₁ to R₈₀ and Q₇₃ to Q₇₉ in Formula 7-1 to 7-8 may each independently be selected from hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, and a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group;

a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group and a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, each substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a pyridinyl group, and a pyrimidinyl group;

a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyrrolyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, an isoindolyl group, an indolyl group, an indazolyl group, a purinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a benzimidazolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, an isobenzothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, an isobenzoxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, a triazinyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, and an imidazopyridinyl group; and

a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyrrolyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, an isoindolyl group, an indolyl group, an indazolyl group, a purinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a benzimidazolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, an isobenzothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, an isobenzoxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, a triazinyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, and an imidazopyridinyl group, each substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, —CD₃, —CD₂H, —CDH₂, —CF₃, —CF₂H, —CFH₂, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyrrolyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, an isoindolyl group, an indolyl group, an indazolyl group, a purinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a benzimidazolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, an isobenzothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, an isobenzoxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, a triazinyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, and an imidazopyridinyl group, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

For example, L₂ in Formula 1 may be a ligand represented by one of Formulae 8-1 to 8-11, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto:

wherein * indicates a binding site to a neighbouring atom.

In one embodiment, in Formula 1, n1 is 1 and n2 is 0; or n1 is 1 and n2 is 2, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

In one embodiment, the organometallic compound represented by Formula 1 may be selected from Compounds 1 to 50, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto:

The organometallic compound may be configured to emit red light or near infrared (NIR) light having a maximum emission wavelength of, for example, 720 nm or more, about 720 nm or more and about 2,500 nm or less, about 750 nm or more and about 2,500 nm or less, or about 750 nm or more and about 1500 nm or less.

In one embodiment, the organometallic compound may be configured to emit near infrared light having a maximum emission wavelength of about 720 nm or more and about 2,500 nm or less, or about 750 nm or more and about 1500 nm or less. The organometallic compound emitting near infrared light having such a maximum emission wavelength range is clearly distinguished from organometallic compounds configured to emit red visible light having a maximum emission wavelength of, for example, 650 nm or more and less than 720 nm.

An organic light-emitting device employing the organometallic compound represented by Formula 1 may have low driving voltage and high external quantum efficiency while emitting red light or near-infrared light having a maximum emission wavelength of 720 nm or more, about 720 nm or more and about 2,500 nm or less, about 750 nm or more and about 2,500 nm or less or 750 nm or more, or 1500 nm or less.

Synthesis methods of the organometallic compound represented by Formula 1 may be recognizable by one of ordinary skill in the art by referring to Examples provided below.

At least one of such organometallic compounds represented by Formula 1 may be used between a pair of electrodes of an organic light-emitting device. Accordingly, provided is an organic light-emitting device including: a first electrode; a second electrode facing the first electrode; and an organic layer including an emission layer between the first electrode and the second electrode, wherein the organic layer includes at least one of the organometallic compound represented by Formula 1.

The expression “(an organic layer) includes at least one of organometallic compounds” used herein may include a case in which “(an organic layer) includes identical organometallic compounds represented by Formula 1” and a case in which “(an organic layer) includes two or more different organometallic compounds represented by Formula 1.”

For example, the organic layer may include, as the organometallic compound, only Compound 1. In this regard, Compound 1 may exist only in an emission layer of the organic light-emitting device. In one or more embodiments, the organic layer may include, as the organometallic compound, Compound 1 and Compound 2. In this case, Compound 1 and Compound 2 may be present in an identical layer (for example, Compound 1 and Compound 2 may all be present in an emission layer), or different layers (for example, Compound 1 may be present in an emission layer and Compound 2 may be present in an electron transport region).

In one embodiment,

the first electrode of the organic light-emitting device may be an anode,

the second electrode of the organic light-emitting device may be a cathode,

the organic layer further includes a hole transport region between the first electrode and the emission layer and/or an electron transport region between the emission layer and the second electrode,

the hole transport region includes a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, an emission auxiliary layer, an electron blocking layer, or any combination thereof, and

the electron transport region includes a hole blocking layer, an electron transport layer, an electron injection layer, or any combination thereof.

The term “organic layer,” as used herein, refers to a single layer and/or all layers between the first electrode and the second electrode of the organic light-emitting device. A material included in “the organic layer” is not limited to an organic material. For example, the organic layer may include an inorganic material.

In one embodiment, the organometallic compound represented by Formula 1 may not be included in the emission layer. The emission layer may further include, in addition to the organometallic compound, a host, and the amount of the organometallic compound in the emission layer may be smaller than the amount of the host.

In one or more embodiments, the hole transport region may include an electron blocking layer, and the organometallic compound may be included in the electron blocking layer; and/or the electron transport region may include a hole blocking layer, and the organometallic compound may be included in the hole blocking layer.

In one or more embodiments, at least one selected from the hole transport region and emission layer may include at least one selected from arylamine-containing compound, an acridine-containing compound and a carbazole-containing compound; and/or

at least one selected from the emission layer and the electron transport region may include at least one selected from a silicon-containing compound, a phosphineoxide-containing compound, a sulfur oxide-containing compound, an oxidized phosphorus-containing compound, a triazine-containing compound, a pyrimidine-containing compound, a pyridine-containing compound, a dibenzofuran-containing compound, and a dibenzothiophene-containing compound.

Description of FIG. 1

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an organic light-emitting device 10 according to one embodiment. The organic light-emitting device 10 includes a first electrode 110, an organic layer 150, and a second electrode 190.

Hereinafter, the structure of the organic light-emitting device 10 according to an embodiment and a method of manufacturing the organic light-emitting device 10 will be described in connection with FIG. 1.

First Electrode 110

Referring to FIG. 1, a substrate may be additionally located under the first electrode 110 or above the second electrode 190. The substrate may be a glass substrate or a plastic substrate, each having excellent mechanical strength, thermal stability, transparency, surface smoothness, ease of handling, and water resistance.

The first electrode 110 may be formed by depositing or sputtering a material for forming the first electrode 110 on the substrate. When the first electrode 110 is an anode, the material for a first electrode may be selected from materials with a high work function to facilitate hole injection.

The first electrode 110 may be a reflective electrode, a semi-transmissive electrode, or a transmissive electrode. When the first electrode 110 is a transmissive electrode, a material for forming a first electrode may be selected from indium tin oxide (ITO), indium zinc oxide (IZO), tin oxide (SnO₂), zinc oxide (ZnO), and any combinations thereof, but is not limited thereto. In one or more embodiments, when the first electrode 110 is a semi-transmissive electrode or a reflectable electrode, a material for forming a first electrode may be selected from magnesium (Mg), silver (Ag), aluminum (Al), aluminum-lithium (Al—Li), calcium (Ca), magnesium-indium (Mg—In), magnesium-silver (Mg—Ag), and any combinations thereof, but is not limited thereto.

The first electrode 110 may have a single-layered structure, or a multi-layered structure including two or more layers. For example, the first electrode 110 may have a three-layered structure of ITO/Ag/ITO, but the structure of the first electrode 110 is not limited thereto.

Organic Layer 150

The organic layer 150 is located on the first electrode 110. The organic layer 150 may include an emission layer.

The organic layer 150 may further include a hole transport region between the first electrode 110 and the emission layer, and an electron transport region between the emission layer and the second electrode 190.

Hole Transport Region in Organic Layer 150

The hole transport region may have i) a single-layered structure including a single layer including a single material, ii) a single-layered structure including a single layer including a plurality of different materials, or iii) a multi-layered structure having a plurality of layers including a plurality of different materials.

The hole transport region may include at least one layer selected from a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, an emission auxiliary layer, and an electron blocking layer.

For example, the hole transport region may have a single-layered structure including a single layer including a plurality of different materials, or a multi-layered structure having a hole injection layer/hole transport layer structure, a hole injection layer/hole transport layer/emission auxiliary layer structure, a hole injection layer/emission auxiliary layer structure, a hole transport layer/emission auxiliary layer structure, or a hole injection layer/hole transport layer/electron blocking layer structure, wherein for each structure, constituting layers are sequentially stacked from the first electrode 110 in this stated order, but the structure of the hole transport region is not limited thereto.

The hole transport region may include at least one selected from m-MTDATA, TDATA, 2-TNATA, NPB(NPD), β-NPB, TPD, Spiro-TPD, Spiro-NPB, methylated-NPB, TAPC, HMTPD, 4,4′,4″-tris(N-carbazolyl)triphenylamine (TCTA), polyaniline/dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid (PANI/DBSA), poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/poly(4-styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT/PSS), polyaniline/camphor sulfonic acid (PANI/CSA), polyaniline/poly(4-styrenesulfonate) (PANI/PSS), a compound represented by Formula 201, and a compound represented by Formula 202:

wherein, in Formulae 201 and 202,

L₂₀₁ to L₂₀₄ may each independently be selected from a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ arylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroarylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted divalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a substituted or unsubstituted divalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group,

L₂₀₅ may be selected from *—O—*′, *—S—*′, *—N(Q₂₀₁)-*′, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₂₀ alkylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₂₀ alkenylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ arylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroarylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted divalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a substituted or unsubstituted divalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group,

xa1 to xa4 may each independently be an integer from 0 to 3,

xa5 may be an integer of 1 to 10, and

R₂₀₁ to R₂₀₄ and Q₂₀₁ may each independently be selected from a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group.

In one embodiment, in Formula 202, R₂₀₁ and R₂₀₂ may optionally be linked via a single bond, a dimethyl-methylene group, or a diphenyl-methylene group, and R₂₀₃ and R₂₀₄ may optionally be linked via a single bond, a dimethyl-methylene group, or a diphenyl-methylene group.

In one embodiment, in Formulae 201 and 202,

L₂₀₁ to L₂₀₅ may each independently be selected from:

a phenylene group, a pentacenylene group, an indenylene group, a naphthylene group, an azulenylene group, a heptalenylene group, an indacenylene group, an acenaphthylene group, a fluorenylene group, a spiro-bifluorenylene group, a benzofluorenylene group, a dibenzofluorenylene group, a phenalenylene group, a phenanthrenylene group, an anthracenylene group, a fluoranthenylene group, a triphenylenylene group, a pyrenylene group, a chrysenylene group, a naphthacenylene group, a picenylene group, a perylenylene group, a pentaphenylene group, a hexacenylene group, a pentacenylene group, a rubicenylene group, a coronenylene group, an ovalenylene group, a thiophenylene group, a furanylene group, a carbazolylene group, an indolylene group, an isoindolylene group, a benzofuranylene group, a benzothiophenylene group, a dibenzofuranylene group, a dibenzothiophenylene group, a benzocarbazolylene group, a dibenzocarbazolylene group, a dibenzosilolylene group, and a pyridinylene group; and

a phenylene group, a pentalenylene group, an indenylene group, a naphthylene group, an azulenylene group, a heptalenylene group, an indacenylene group, an acenaphthylene group, a fluorenylene group, a spiro-bifluorenylene group, a benzofluorenylene group, a dibenzofluorenylene group, a phenalenylene group, a phenanthrenylene group, an anthracenylene group, a fluoranthenylene group, a triphenylenylene group, a pyrenylene group, a chrysenylene group, a naphthacenylene group, a picenylene group, a perylenylene group, a pentaphenylene group, a hexacenylene group, a pentacenylene group, a rubicenylene group, a coronenylene group, an ovalenylene group, a thiophenylene group, a furanylene group, a carbazolylene group, an indolylene group, an isoindolylene group, a benzofuranylene group, a benzothiophenylene group, a dibenzofuranylene group, a dibenzothiophenylene group, a benzocarbazolylene group, a dibenzocarbazolylene group, a dibenzosilolylene group, and a pyridinylene group, each substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cycloheptyl group, a cyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a phenyl group substituted with a C₁-C₁₀ alkyl group, a phenyl group substituted with —F, a pentalenyl group, an indenyl group, a naphthyl group, an azulenyl group, a heptalenyl group, an indacenyl group, an acenaphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenalenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a naphthacenyl group, a picenyl group, a perylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, a pentacenyl group, a rubicenyl group, a coronenyl group, an ovalenyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, a carbazolyl group, an indolyl group, an isoindolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzosilolyl group, a pyridinyl group, —Si(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂)(Q₃₃) and —N(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂),

wherein Q₃₁ to Q₃₃ may each independently be selected from a C₁-C₁₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, and a naphthyl group.

In one or more embodiments, xa1 to xa4 may each independently be 0, 1, or 2.

In one or more embodiments, xa5 may be 1, 2, 3, or 4.

In one or more embodiments, R₂₀₁ to R₂₀₄ and Q₂₀₁ may each independently be selected from a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a pentalenyl group, an indenyl group, a naphthyl group, an azulenyl group, a heptalenyl group, an indacenyl group, an acenaphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenalenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a naphthacenyl group, a picenyl group, a perylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, a pentacenyl group, a rubicenyl group, a coronenyl group, an ovalenyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, a carbazolyl group, an indolyl group, an isoindolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzosilolyl group, and a pyridinyl group; and

a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a pentalenyl group, an indenyl group, a naphthyl group, an azulenyl group, a heptalenyl group, an indacenyl group, an acenaphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenalenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a naphthacenyl group, a picenyl group, a perylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, a pentacenyl group, a rubicenyl group, a coronenyl group, an ovalenyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, a carbazolyl group, an indolyl group, an isoindolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzosilolyl group, and a pyridinyl group, each substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cycloheptyl group, a cyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a phenyl group substituted with a C₁-C₁₀ alkyl group, a phenyl group substituted with —F, a pentalenyl group, an indenyl group, a naphthyl group, an azulenyl group, a heptalenyl group, an indacenyl group, an acenaphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenalenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a naphthacenyl group, a picenyl group, a perylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, a pentacenyl group, a rubicenyl group, a coronenyl group, an ovalenyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, a carbazolyl group, an indolyl group, an isoindolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzosilolyl group, a pyridinyl group, —Si(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂)(Q₃₃), and —N(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂),

wherein Q₃₁ to Q₃₃ are the same as described above.

In one or more embodiments, at least one selected from R₂₀₁ to R₂₀₃ in Formula 201 may each independently be selected from:

a fluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, a carbazolyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, and a dibenzothiophenyl group; and

a fluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, a carbazolyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, and a dibenzothiophenyl group, each substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cycloheptyl group, a cyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a phenyl group substituted with a C₁-C₁₀ alkyl group, a phenyl group substituted with —F, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, a carbazolyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, and a dibenzothiophenyl group,

but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

In one or more embodiments, in Formula 202, i) R₂₀₁ and R₂₀₂ may be linked via a single bond, and/or ii) R₂₀₃ and R₂₀₄ may be linked via a single bond.

In one or more embodiments, R₂₀₁ to R₂₀₄ in Formula 202 may be selected from;

a carbazolyl group; and

a carbazolyl group substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cycloheptyl group, a cyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a phenyl group substituted with a C₁-C₁₀ alkyl group, a phenyl group substituted with —F, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, a carbazolyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, and a dibenzothiophenyl group,

but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

The compound represented by Formula 201 may be represented by Formula 201A:

In one embodiment, the compound represented by Formula 201 may be represented by Formula 201A(1) below, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto:

In one embodiment, the compound represented by Formula 201 may be represented by Formula 201A-1 below, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto:

The compound represented by Formula 202 may be represented by Formula 202A:

In one or more embodiments, the compound represented by Formula 202 may be represented by Formula 202A-1:

In Formulae 201A, 201A(1), 201A-1, 202A, and 202A-1,

L₂₀₁ to L₂₀₃, xa1 to xa3, xa5, and R₂₀₂ to R₂₀₄ are the same as described above,

R₂₁₁ and R₂₁₂ may be the same as described in connection with R₂₀₃,

R₂₁₃ to R₂₁₇ may each independently be selected from hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cycloheptyl group, a cyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a phenyl group substituted with a C₁-C₁₀ alkyl group, a phenyl group substituted with —F, a pentalenyl group, an indenyl group, a naphthyl group, an azulenyl group, a heptalenyl group, an indacenyl group, an acenaphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenalenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a naphthacenyl group, a picenyl group, a perylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, a pentacenyl group, a rubicenyl group, a coronenyl group, an ovalenyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, a carbazolyl group, an indolyl group, an isoindolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzosilolyl group, and a pyridinyl group.

The hole transport region may include at least one compound selected from Compounds HT1 to HT39, but compounds to be included in the hole transport region are not limited thereto:

A thickness of the hole transport region may be in a range of about 100 Å to about 10,000 Å, for example, about 100 Å to about 1,000 Å. When the hole transport region includes at least one of a hole injection layer and a hole transport layer, a thickness of the hole injection layer may be in a range of about 100 Å to about 9,000 Å, for example, about 100 Å to about 1,000 Å, and a thickness of the hole transport layer may be in a range of about 50 Å to about 2,000 Å, for example about 100 Å to about 1,500 Å. When the thicknesses of the hole transport region, the hole injection layer and the hole transport layer are within these ranges, suitable or satisfactory hole transporting characteristics may be obtained without a substantial increase in driving voltage.

The emission auxiliary layer may increase light-emission efficiency by compensating for an optical resonance distance according to the wavelength of light emitted by an emission layer, and the electron blocking layer may block the flow of electrons from an electron transport region. The emission auxiliary layer and the electron blocking layer may include the materials as described above.

p-Dopant

The hole transport region may further include, in addition to these materials, a charge-generation material for the improvement of conductive properties. The charge-generation material may be homogeneously or non-homogeneously dispersed in the hole transport region.

The charge-generation material may be, for example, a p-dopant.

In one embodiment, a lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) of the p-dopant may be −3.5 eV or less.

The p-dopant may include at least one selected from a quinone derivative, a metal oxide, and a cyano group-containing compound, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

For example, the p-dopant may include at least one selected from a quinone derivative, such as Tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ) and 2,3,5,6-Tetrafluoro-7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane (F4-TCNQ);

a metal oxide, such as tungsten oxide and molybdenum oxide;

1,4,5,8,9,11-hexaazatriphenylene-hexacarbonitrile (HAT-CN); and

a compound represented by Formula 221,

but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto:

In Formula 221,

R₂₂₁ to R₂₂₃ may each independently be selected from a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, and at least one selected from R₂₂₁ to R₂₂₃ may have at least one substituent selected from a cyano group, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group substituted with —F, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group substituted with —Cl, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group substituted with —Br, and a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group substituted with —I.

Emission Layer in Organic Layer 150

When the organic light-emitting device 10 is a full-color organic light-emitting device, the emission layer may be patterned into a red emission layer, a green emission layer, or a blue emission layer; or a red emission layer, a green emission layer, a blue emission layer, and an NIR emission layer. In one or more embodiments, the emission layer may have a stacked structure of two or more layers selected from a red emission layer, a green emission layer, a blue emission layer, and/or an NIR emission layer, in which the two or more layers contact each other or are separated from each other. In one or more embodiments, the emission layer may include two or more materials selected from a red light-emitting material, a green light-emitting material, a blue light-emitting material, and/or an NIR light-emitting material, in which the two or more materials are mixed with each other in a single layer to emit white light.

The emission layer may include a host and a dopant. The dopant may include the organometallic compound represented by Formula 1. In one or more embodiments, the dopant may further include the organometallic compound represented by Formula 1, at least one selected from a phosphorescent dopant and a fluorescent dopant.

An amount of a dopant in the emission layer may be, based on about 100 parts by weight of the host, in the range of about 0.01 to about 15 parts by weight, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

A thickness of the emission layer may be in a range of about 100 Å to about 1,000 Å, for example, about 200 Å to about 600 Å. When the thickness of the emission layer is within this range, excellent light-emission characteristics may be obtained without a substantial increase in driving voltage.

Host in Emission Layer

In one or more embodiments, the host may include a compound represented by Formula 301 below.

[Ar₃₀₁]_(xb11)-[(L₃₀₁)_(xb1)-R₃₀₁]_(xb21)  Formula 301

In Formula 301,

Ar₃₀₁ may be a substituted or unsubstituted C₅-C₆₀ carbocyclic group, or a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heterocyclic group,

xb11 may be 1, 2, or 3,

L₃₀₁ may be selected from a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ arylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroarylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted divalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a substituted or unsubstituted divalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group,

xb1 may be an integer from 0 to 5,

R₃₀₁ may be selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, —Si(Q₃₀₁)(Q₃₀₂)(Q₃₀₃), —N(Q₃₀₁)(Q₃₀₂), —B(Q₃₀₁) (Q₃₀₂), —C(═O)(Q₃₀₁), —S(═O)₂(Q₃₀₁), and —P(═O) (Q₃₀₁) (Q₃₀₂),

xb21 may be an integer from 1 to 5,

Q₃₀₁ to Q₃₀₃ may each independently be selected from a C₁-C₁₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, and a naphthyl group, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

In one embodiment, Ar₃₀₁ in Formula 301 may be selected from:

a naphthalene group, a fluorene group, a spiro-bifluorene group, a benzofluorene group, a dibenzofluorene group, a phenalene group, a phenanthrene group, an anthracene group, a fluoranthene group, a triphenylene group, a pyrene group, a chrysene group, a naphthacene group, a picene group, a perylene group, a pentaphene group, an indenoanthracene group, a dibenzofuran group, and a dibenzothiophene group; and

a naphthalene group, a fluorene group, a spiro-bifluorene group, a benzofluorene group, a dibenzofluorene group, a phenalene group, a phenanthrene group, an anthracene group, a fluoranthene group, a triphenylene group, a pyrene group, a chrysene group, a naphthacene group, a picene group, a perylene group, a pentaphene group, an indenoanthracene group, a dibenzofuran group, and a dibenzothiophene group, each substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, —Si(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂)(Q₃₃), —N(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂), —B(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂), —C(═O)(Q₃₁), —S(═O)₂(Q₃₁), and —P(═O)(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂);

wherein Q₃₁ to Q₃₃ may each independently be selected from a C₁-C₁₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, and a naphthyl group, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

When xb11 in Formula 301 is two or more, two or more of Ar₃₀₁(s) may be linked via a single bond.

In one or more embodiments, the compound represented by Formula 301 may be represented by one of Formula 301-1 or Formula 301-2:

In Formulae 301-1 and 301-2,

A₃₀₁ to A₃₀₄ may each independently be selected from a benzene group, a naphthalene group, a phenanthrene group, a fluoranthene group, a triphenylene group, a pyrene group, a chrysene group, a pyridine group, a pyrimidine group, an indene group, a fluorene group, a spiro-bifluorene group, a benzofluorene group, a dibenzofluorene group, an indole group, a carbazole group, a benzocarbazole group, a dibenzocarbazole group, a furan group, a benzofuran group, a dibenzofuran group, a naphthofuran group, a benzonaphthofuran group, a dinaphthofuran group, a thiophene group, a benzothiophene group, a dibenzothiophene group, a naphthothiophene group, a benzonaphthothiophene group, and dinaphthothiophene group,

X₃₀₁ may be O, S, or N-[(L₃₀₄)_(xb4)-R₃₀₄],

R₃₁₁ to R₃₁₄ may each independently be selected from hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group —Si(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂)(Q₃₃), —N(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂), —B(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂), —C(═O)(Q₃₁), —S(═O)₂(Q₃₁), and —P(═O)(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂),

xb22 and xb23 may each independently be 0, 1, or 2,

L₃₀₁, xb1, R₃₀₁, and Q₃₁ to Q₃₃ are the same as described above,

L₃₀₂ to L₃₀₄ may each independently be the same as described in connection with L₃₀₁,

Xb2 to xb4 may each independently be the same as described in connection with xb1, and

R₃₀₂ to R₃₀₄ may each independently be the same as described in connection with R₃₀₁.

For example, L₃₀₁ to L₃₀₄ in Formulae 301, 301-1, and 301-2 may each independently be selected from:

a phenylene group, a naphthylene group, a fluorenylene group, a spiro-bifluorenylene group, a benzofluorenylene group, a dibenzofluorenylene group, a phenanthrenylene group, an anthracenylene group, a fluoranthenylene group, a triphenylenylene group, a pyrenylene group, a chrysenylene group, a perylenylene group, a pentaphenylene group, a hexacenylene group, a pentacenylene group, a thiophenylene group, a furanylene group, a carbazolylene group, an indolylene group, an isoindolylene group, a benzofuranylene group, a benzothiophenylene group, a dibenzofuranylene group, a dibenzothiophenylene group, a benzocarbazolylene group, a dibenzocarbazolylene group, a dibenzosilolylene group, a pyridinylene group, an imidazolylene group, a pyrazolylene group, a thiazolylene group, an isothiazolylene group, an oxazolylene group, an isoxazolylene group, a thiadiazolylene group, an oxadiazolylene group, a pyrazinylene group, a pyrimidinylene group, a pyridazinylene group, a triazinylene group, a quinolinylene group, an isoquinolinylene group, a benzoquinolinylene group, a phthalazinylene group, a naphthyridinylene group, a quinoxalinylene group, a quinazolinylene group, a cinnolinylene group, a phenanthridinylene group, an acridinylene group, a phenanthrolinylene group, a phenazinylene group, a benzimidazolylene group, an isobenzothiazolylene group, a benzoxazolylene group, an isobenzoxazolylene group, a triazolylene group, a tetrazolylene group, an imidazopyridinylene group, an imidazopyrimidinylene group, and an azacarbazolylene group; and

a phenylene group, a naphthylene group, a fluorenylene group, a spiro-bifluorenylene group, a benzofluorenylene group, a dibenzofluorenylene group, a phenanthrenylene group, an anthracenylene group, a fluoranthenylene group, a triphenylenylene group, a pyrenylene group, a chrysenylene group, a perylenylene group, a pentaphenylene group, a hexacenylene group, a pentacenylene group, a thiophenylene group, a furanylene group, a carbazolylene group, an indolylene group, an isoindolylene group, a benzofuranylene group, a benzothiophenylene group, a dibenzofuranylene group, a dibenzothiophenylene group, a benzocarbazolylene group, a dibenzocarbazolylene group, a dibenzosilolylene group, a pyridinylene group, an imidazolylene group, a pyrazolylene group, a thiazolylene group, an isothiazolylene group, an oxazolylene group, an isoxazolylene group, a thiadiazolylene group, an oxadiazolylene group, a pyrazinylene group, a pyrimidinylene group, a pyridazinylene group, a triazinylene group, a quinolinylene group, an isoquinolinylene group, a benzoquinolinylene group, a phthalazinylene group, a naphthyridinylene group, a quinoxalinylene group, a quinazolinylene group, a cinnolinylene group, a phenanthridinylene group, an acridinylene group, a phenanthrolinylene group, a phenazinylene group, a benzimidazolylene group, an isobenzothiazolylene group, a benzoxazolylene group, an isobenzoxazolylene group, a triazolylene group, a tetrazolylene group, an imidazopyridinylene group, an imidazopyrimidinylene group, and an azacarbazolylene group, each substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a perylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, a pentacenyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, a carbazolyl group, an indolyl group, an isoindolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzosilolyl group, a pyridinyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, a thiadiazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a triazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a phthalazinyl group, a naphthyridinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a phenanthridinyl group, an acridinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a phenazinyl group, a benzimidazolyl group, an isobenzothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, an isobenzoxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, an imidazopyridinyl group, an imidazopyrimidinyl group, an azacarbazolyl group, —Si(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂)(Q₃₃), —N(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂), —B(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂), —C(═O)(Q₃₁), —S(═O)₂(Q₃₁), and —P(═O)(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂),

wherein Q₃₁ to Q₃₃ are the same as described above.

In one embodiment, R₃₀₁ to R₃₀₄ in Formulae 301, 301-1 and 301-2 may each independently be selected from:

a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a perylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, a pentacenyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, a carbazolyl group, an indolyl group, an isoindolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzosilolyl group, a pyridinyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, a thiadiazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a triazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a phthalazinyl group, a naphthyridinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a phenanthridinyl group, an acridinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a phenazinyl group, a benzimidazolyl group, an isobenzothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, an isobenzoxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, an imidazopyridinyl group, an imidazopyrimidinyl group, and an azacarbazolyl group; and

a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a perylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, a pentacenyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, a carbazolyl group, an indolyl group, an isoindolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzosilolyl group, a pyridinyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, a thiadiazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a triazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a phthalazinyl group, a naphthyridinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a phenanthridinyl group, an acridinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a phenazinyl group, a benzimidazolyl group, an isobenzothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, an isobenzoxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, an imidazopyridinyl group, an imidazopyrimidinyl group, and an azacarbazolyl group, each substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a perylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, a pentacenyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, a carbazolyl group, an indolyl group, an isoindolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzosilolyl group, a pyridinyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, a thiadiazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a triazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a phthalazinyl group, a naphthyridinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a phenanthridinyl group, an acridinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a phenazinyl group, a benzimidazolyl group, an isobenzothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, an isobenzoxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, an imidazopyridinyl group, an imidazopyrimidinyl group, an azacarbazolyl group, —Si(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂)(Q₃₃), —N(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂), —B(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂), —C(═O)(Q₃₁), —S(═O)₂(Q₃₁), and —P(═O)(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂);

wherein Q₃₁ to Q₃₃ are the same as described above.

In one or more embodiments, the host may include an alkaline earth metal complex. For example, the host may be selected from a Be complex (for example, Compound H55), an Mg complex, and a Zn complex.

The host may include at least one selected from 9,10-di(2-naphthyl)anthracene (ADN), 2-methyl-9,10-bis(naphthalen-2-yl)anthracene (MADN), 9,10-di-(2-naphthyl)-2-t-butyl-anthracene (TBADN), 4,4′-bis(N-carbazolyl)-1,1′-biphenyl (CBP), 1,3-di-9-carbazolylbenzene (mCP), 1,3,5-tri(carbazol-9-yl)benzene (TCP), bis(4-(9H-carbazol-9-yl)phenyl)diphenylsilane (BCPDS), 4-(1-(4-(diphenylamino)phenyl)cyclohexyl)phenyl)diphenyl-phosphine oxide (POPCPA), and Compounds H1 to H55, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto:

In one or more embodiments, the host may include at least one selected from a silicon-containing compound (for example, BCPDS used in the following examples) and a phosphine oxide-containing compound (for example, POPCPA used in the following examples).

The host may include (or consist of) one kind of compound, or two different compounds alone (for example, the host in the following examples includes (or consists of) BCPDS and POPCPA). However, embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

Dopant Included in Emission Layer in Organic Layer 150

The dopant may include the organometallic compound represented by Formula 1. The organometallic compound is the same as described above.

In one embodiment, an amount of the host in the emission layer may be greater than that of the organometallic compound which is described as a dopant throughout the specification.

Electron Transport Region in Organic Layer 150

The electron transport region may have i) a single-layered structure including a single layer including a single material, ii) a single-layered structure including a single layer including a plurality of different materials, or iii) a multi-layered structure having a plurality of layers including a plurality of different materials.

The electron transport region may include at least one selected from a buffer layer, a hole blocking layer, an electron control layer, an electron transport layer, and an electron injection layer, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

For example, the electron transport region may have an electron transport layer/electron injection layer structure, a hole blocking layer/electron transport layer/electron injection layer structure, an electron control layer/electron transport layer/electron injection layer structure, or a buffer layer/electron transport layer/electron injection layer structure, wherein for each structure, constituting layers are sequentially stacked from an emission layer. However, embodiments of the structure of the electron transport region are not limited thereto.

The electron transport region (for example, a buffer layer, a hole blocking layer, an electron control layer, or an electron transport layer in the electron transport region) may include a metal-free compound containing at least one π electron-depleted nitrogen-containing ring.

The term “π electron-depleted nitrogen-containing ring,” as used herein, refers to a C₁-C₆₀ heterocyclic group having at least one *—N=*′ moiety as a ring-forming moiety.

For example, the “π electron-depleted nitrogen-containing ring” may be i) a 5-membered to 7-membered heteromonocyclic group having at least one *—N=*′ moiety, ii) a heteropolycyclic group in which two or more 5-membered to 7-membered heteromonocyclic groups each having at least one *—N=*′ moiety are condensed with each other, or iii) a heteropolycyclic group in which at least one of 5-membered to 7-membered heteromonocyclic groups, each having at least one *—N=*′ moiety, is condensed with at least one C₅-C₆₀ carbocyclic group.

Examples of the π electron-depleted nitrogen-containing ring include an imidazole, a pyrazole, a thiazole, an isothiazole, an oxazole, an isoxazole, a pyridine, a pyrazine, a pyrimidine, a pyridazine, an indazole, a purine, a quinoline, an isoquinoline, a benzoquinoline, a phthalazine, a naphthyridine, a quinoxaline, a quinazoline, a cinnoline, a phenanthridine, an acridine, a phenanthroline, a phenazine, a benzimidazole, an isobenzothiazole, a benzoxazole, an isobenzoxazole, a triazole, a tetrazole, an oxadiazole, a triazine, thiadiazol, an imidazopyridine, an imidazopyrimidine, and an azacarbazole, but are not limited thereto.

For example, the electron transport region may include a compound represented by Formula 601:

[Ar₆₀₁]_(xe11)-[(L₆₀₁)_(xe1)-R₆₀₁]_(xe21)  Formula 601

In Formula 601,

Ar₆₀₁ may be a substituted or unsubstituted C₅-C₆₀ carbocyclic group or a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heterocyclic group,

xe11 may be 1, 2, or 3,

L₆₀₁ may be selected from a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ arylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroarylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted divalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a substituted or unsubstituted divalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group,

xe1 may be an integer from 0 to 5,

R₆₀₁ may be selected from a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, —Si(Q₆₀₁)(Q₆₀₂)(Q₆₀₃), —C(═O)(Q₆₀₁), —S(═O)₂(Q₆₀₁), and —P(═O)(Q₆₀₁) (Q₆₀₂),

Q₆₀₁ to Q₆₀₃ may each independently be a C₁-C₁₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, or a naphthyl group,

xe21 may be an integer from 1 to 5.

In one embodiment, at least one selected from Ar₆₀₁ in the number of xe11 and R₆₀₁ in the number of xe21 may include the π electron-depleted nitrogen-containing ring described above.

In one embodiment, ring Ar₆₀₁ in Formula 601 may be selected from:

a benzene group, a naphthalene group, a fluorene group, a spiro-bifluorene group, a benzofluorene group, a dibenzofluorene group, a phenalene group, a phenanthrene group, an anthracene group, a fluoranthene group, a triphenylene group, a pyrene group, a chrysene group, a naphthacene group, a picene group, a perylene group, a pentaphene group, an indenoanthracene group, a dibenzofuran group, a dibenzothiophene group, a carbazole group, an imidazole group, a pyrazole group, a thiazole group, an isothiazole group, an oxazole group, an isoxazole group, a pyridine group, a pyrazine group, a pyrimidine group, a pyridazine group, an indazole group, a purine group, a quinoline group, an isoquinoline group, a benzoquinoline group, a phthalazine group, a naphthyridine group, a quinoxaline group, a quinazoline group, a cinnoline group, a phenanthridine group, an acridine group, a phenanthroline group, a phenazine group, a benzimidazole group, an isobenzothiazole group, a benzoxazole group, an isobenzoxazole group, a triazole group, a tetrazole group, an oxadiazole group, a triazine group, a thiadiazole group, an imidazopyridine group, an imidazopyrimidine group, and an azacarbazole group; and

a benzene group, a naphthalene group, a fluorene group, a spiro-bifluorene group, a benzofluorene group, a dibenzofluorene group, a phenalene group, a phenanthrene group, an anthracene group, a fluoranthene group, a triphenylene group, a pyrene group, a chrysene group, a naphthacene group, a picene group, a perylene group, a pentaphene group, an indenoanthracene group, a dibenzofuran group, a dibenzothiophene group, a carbazole group, an imidazole group, a pyrazole group, a thiazole group, an isothiazole group, an oxazole group, an isoxazole group, a pyridine group, a pyrazine group, a pyrimidine group, a pyridazine group, an indazole group, a purine group, a quinoline group, an isoquinoline group, a benzoquinoline group, a phthalazine group, a naphthyridine group, a quinoxaline group, a quinazoline group, a cinnoline group, a phenanthridine group, an acridine group, a phenanthroline group, a phenazine group, a benzimidazole group, an isobenzothiazole group, a benzoxazole group, an isobenzoxazole group, a triazole group, a tetrazole group, an oxadiazole group, a triazine group, a thiadiazole group, an imidazopyridine group, an imidazopyrimidine group, and an azacarbazole group, each substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, —Si(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂)(Q₃₃), —S(═O)₂(Q₃₁), and —P(═O)(Q₃₁) (Q₃₂);

wherein Q₃₁ to Q₃₃ may each independently be selected from a C₁-C₁₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, and a naphthyl group.

When xe11 in Formula 601 is two or more, two or more Ar₆₀₁(s) may be linked via a single bond.

In one or more embodiments, Ar₆₀₁ in Formula 601 may be an anthracene group.

In one or more embodiments, the compound represented by Formula 601 may be represented by Formula 601-1:

In Formula 601-1,

X₆₁₄ may be N or C(R₆₁₄), X₆₁₅ may be N or C(R₆₁₅), X₆₁₆ may be N or C(R₆₁₆), at least one selected from X₆₁₄ to X₆₁₆ may be N,

L₆₁₁ to L₆₁₃ may each independently be the same as described in connection with the L₆₀₁,

xe611 to xe613 may each independently be the same as described in connection with xe1,

R₆₁₁ to R₆₁₃ may each independently be the same as described in connection with R₆₀₁, and

R₆₁₄ to R₆₁₆ may each independently be selected from hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, and a naphthyl group.

In one embodiment, L₆₀₁ and L₆₁₁ to L₆₁₃ in Formulae 601 and 601-1 may each independently be selected from:

a phenylene group, a naphthylene group, a fluorenylene group, a spiro-bifluorenylene group, a benzofluorenylene group, a dibenzofluorenylene group, a phenanthrenylene group, an anthracenylene group, a fluoranthenylene group, a triphenylenylene group, a pyrenylene group, a chrysenylene group, a perylenylene group, a pentaphenylene group, a hexacenylene group, a pentacenylene group, a thiophenylene group, a furanylene group, a carbazolylene group, an indolylene group, an isoindolylene group, a benzofuranylene group, a benzothiophenylene group, a dibenzofuranylene group, a dibenzothiophenylene group, a benzocarbazolylene group, a dibenzocarbazolylene group, a dibenzosilolylene group, a pyridinylene group, an imidazolylene group, a pyrazolylene group, a thiazolylene group, an isothiazolylene group, an oxazolylene group, an isoxazolylene group, a thiadiazolylene group, an oxadiazolylene group, a pyrazinylene group, a pyrimidinylene group, a pyridazinylene group, a triazinylene group, a quinolinylene group, an isoquinolinylene group, a benzoquinolinylene group, a phthalazinylene group, a naphthyridinylene group, a quinoxalinylene group, a quinazolinylene group, a cinnolinylene group, a phenanthridinylene group, an acridinylene group, a phenanthrolinylene group, a phenazinylene group, a benzimidazolylene group, an isobenzothiazolylene group, a benzoxazolylene group, an isobenzoxazolylene group, a triazolylene group, a tetrazolylene group, an imidazopyridinylene group, an imidazopyrimidinylene group, and an azacarbazolylene group; and

a phenylene group, a naphthylene group, a fluorenylene group, a spiro-bifluorenylene group, a benzofluorenylene group, a dibenzofluorenylene group, a phenanthrenylene group, an anthracenylene group, a fluoranthenylene group, a triphenylenylene group, a pyrenylene group, a chrysenylene group, a perylenylene group, a pentaphenylene group, a hexacenylene group, a pentacenylene group, a thiophenylene group, a furanylene group, a carbazolylene group, an indolylene group, an isoindolylene group, a benzofuranylene group, a benzothiophenylene group, a dibenzofuranylene group, a dibenzothiophenylene group, a benzocarbazolylene group, a dibenzocarbazolylene group, a dibenzosilolylene group, a pyridinylene group, an imidazolylene group, a pyrazolylene group, a thiazolylene group, an isothiazolylene group, an oxazolylene group, an isoxazolylene group, a thiadiazolylene group, an oxadiazolylene group, a pyrazinylene group, a pyrimidinylene group, a pyridazinylene group, a triazinylene group, a quinolinylene group, an isoquinolinylene group, a benzoquinolinylene group, a phthalazinylene group, a naphthyridinylene group, a quinoxalinylene group, a quinazolinylene group, a cinnolinylene group, a phenanthridinylene group, an acridinylene group, a phenanthrolinylene group, a phenazinylene group, a benzimidazolylene group, an isobenzothiazolylene group, a benzoxazolylene group, an isobenzoxazolylene group, a triazolylene group, a tetrazolylene group, an imidazopyridinylene group, an imidazopyrimidinylene group, and an azacarbazolylene group, each substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a perylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, a pentacenyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, a carbazolyl group, an indolyl group, an isoindolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzosilolyl group, a pyridinyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, a thiadiazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a triazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a phthalazinyl group, a naphthyridinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a phenanthridinyl group, an acridinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a phenazinyl group, a benzimidazolyl group, an isobenzothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, an isobenzoxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, an imidazopyridinyl group, an imidazopyrimidinyl group, and an azacarbazolyl group;

but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

In one or more embodiments, xe1 and xe611 to xe613 in Formulae 601 and 601-1 may each independently be 0, 1, or 2.

In one or more embodiments, R₆₀₁ and R₆₁₁ to R₆₁₃ in Formulae 601 and 601-1 may each independently be selected from:

a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a perylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, a pentacenyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, a carbazolyl group, an indolyl group, an isoindolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzosilolyl group, a pyridinyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, a thiadiazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a triazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a phthalazinyl group, a naphthyridinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a phenanthridinyl group, an acridinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a phenazinyl group, a benzimidazolyl group, an isobenzothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, an isobenzoxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, an imidazopyridinyl group, an imidazopyrimidinyl group, and an azacarbazolyl group;

a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a perylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, a pentacenyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, a carbazolyl group, an indolyl group, an isoindolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzosilolyl group, a pyridinyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, a thiadiazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a triazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a phthalazinyl group, a naphthyridinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a phenanthridinyl group, an acridinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a phenazinyl group, a benzimidazolyl group, an isobenzothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, an isobenzoxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, an imidazopyridinyl group, an imidazopyrimidinyl group, and an azacarbazolyl group, each substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a perylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, a pentacenyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, a carbazolyl group, an indolyl group, an isoindolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzosilolyl group, a pyridinyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, a thiadiazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a triazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a phthalazinyl group, a naphthyridinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a phenanthridinyl group, an acridinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a phenazinyl group, a benzimidazolyl group, an isobenzothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, an isobenzoxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, an imidazopyridinyl group, an imidazopyrimidinyl group, and an azacarbazolyl group; and

—S(═O)₂(Q₆₀₁) and —P(═O)(Q₆₀₁)(Q₆₀₂);

wherein Q₆₀₁ and Q₆₀₂ are the same as described above.

The electron transport region may include at least one compound selected from Compounds ET1 to ET36, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto:

In one or more embodiments, the electron transport region may include at least one selected from 2,9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (BCP), 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (Bphen), Alq₃, BAlq, 3-(biphenyl-4-yl)-5-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-4-phenyl-4H-1,2,4-triazole (TAZ), NTAZ, and diphenyl(4-(triphenylsilyl)phenyl)-phosphine oxide (TSPO1).

Thicknesses of the buffer layer, the hole blocking layer, and the electron control layer may each be in a range of about 20 Å to about 1,000 Å, for example, about 30 Å to about 300 Å. When the thicknesses of the buffer layer, the hole blocking layer, and the electron control layer are within these ranges, the electron blocking layer may have excellent electron blocking characteristics or electron control characteristics without a substantial increase in driving voltage.

A thickness of the electron transport layer may be in a range of about 100 Å to about 1,000 Å, for example, about 150 Å to about 500 Å. When the thickness of the electron transport layer is within the range described above, the electron transport layer may have suitable or satisfactory electron transport characteristics without a substantial increase in driving voltage.

The electron transport region (for example, the electron transport layer in the electron transport region) may further include, in addition to the materials described above, a metal-containing material.

The metal-containing material may include at least one selected from alkali metal complex and alkaline earth-metal complex. The alkali metal complex may include a metal ion selected from a Li ion, a Na ion, a K ion, a Rb ion, and a Cs ion, and the alkaline earth-metal complex may include a metal ion selected from a Be ion, a Mg ion, a Ca ion, a Sr ion, and a Ba ion. A ligand coordinated with the metal ion of the alkali metal complex or the alkaline earth-metal complex may be selected from a hydroxy quinoline, a hydroxy isoquinoline, a hydroxy benzoquinoline, a hydroxy acridine, a hydroxy phenanthridine, a hydroxy phenylan oxazole, a hydroxy phenylthiazole, a hydroxy diphenylan oxadiazole, a hydroxy diphenylthiadiazol, a hydroxy phenylpyridine, a hydroxy phenylbenzimidazole, a hydroxy phenylbenzothiazole, a bipyridine, a phenanthroline, and a cyclopentadiene, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

For example, the metal-containing material may include a Li complex. The Li complex may include, for example, Compound ET-D1 (lithium 8-hydroxyquinolate, LiQ) or ET-D2.

The electron transport region may include an electron injection layer that allows electrons to be easily provided from the second electrode 190. The electron injection layer may directly contact the second electrode 190.

The electron injection layer may have i) a single-layered structure including a single layer including a single material, ii) a single-layered structure including a single layer including a plurality of different materials, or iii) a multi-layered structure having a plurality of layers including a plurality of different materials.

The electron injection layer may include an alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, a rare earth metal, an alkali metal compound, alkaline earth metal compound, a rare earth metal compound, an alkali metal complex, alkaline earth metal complex, a rare earth metal complex, or any combination thereof.

The alkali metal may be selected from Li, Na, K, Rb, and Cs. In one embodiment, the alkali metal may be Li, Na, or Cs. In one or more embodiments, the alkali metal may be Li or Cs, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

The alkaline earth metal may be selected from Mg, Ca, Sr, and Ba.

The rare earth metal may be selected from Sc, Y, Ce, Tb, Yb, and Gd.

The alkali metal compound, the alkaline earth-metal compound, and the rare earth metal compound may be selected from oxides and halides (for example, fluorides, chlorides, bromides, or iodides) of the alkali metal, the alkaline earth-metal, and the rare earth metal.

The alkali metal compound may be selected from alkali metal oxides, such as Li₂O, Cs₂O, or K₂O, and alkali metal halides, such as LiF, NaF, CsF, KF, LiI, NaI, CsI, KI, or RbI. In one embodiment, the alkali metal compound may be selected from LiF, Li₂O, NaF, LiI, NaI, CsI, and KI, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

The alkaline earth metal compound may be selected from BaO, SrO, CaO, Ba_(x)Sr_(1-x)O (0<x<1), and Ba_(x)Ca_(1-x)O (0<x<1). In one embodiment, the alkaline earth metal compound may be selected from BaO, SrO, and CaO, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

The rare earth metal compound may be selected from YbF₃, ScF₃, ScO₃, Y₂O₃, Ce₂O₃, GdF₃, and TbF₃. In one embodiment, the rare earth metal compound may be selected from YbF₃, ScF₃, TbF₃, YbI₃, ScI₃, and TbI₃, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

The alkali metal complex, the alkaline earth-metal complex, and the rare earth metal complex may include an ion of alkali metal, alkaline earth-metal, and rare earth metal as described above, and a ligand coordinated with a metal ion of the alkali metal complex, the alkaline earth-metal complex, or the rare earth metal complex may be selected from hydroxy quinoline, hydroxy isoquinoline, hydroxy benzoquinoline, hydroxy acridine, hydroxy phenanthridine, hydroxy phenylan oxazole, hydroxy phenylthiazole, hydroxy diphenylan oxadiazole, hydroxy diphenylthiadiazol, hydroxy phenylpyridine, hydroxy phenylbenzimidazole, hydroxy phenylbenzothiazole, bipyridine, phenanthroline, and cyclopentadiene, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

The electron injection layer may include (or consist of) an alkali metal, an alkaline earth metal, a rare earth metal, an alkali metal compound, an alkaline earth-metal compound, a rare earth metal compound, an alkali metal complex, an alkaline earth-metal complex, a rare earth metal complex, or any combinations thereof, as described above. In one or more embodiments, the electron injection layer may further include an organic material. When the electron injection layer further includes an organic material, an alkali metal, an alkaline earth metal, a rare earth metal, an alkali metal compound, an alkaline earth-metal compound, a rare earth metal compound, an alkali metal complex, an alkaline earth-metal complex, a rare earth metal complex, or any combinations thereof may be homogeneously or non-homogeneously dispersed in a matrix including the organic material.

A thickness of the electron injection layer may be in a range of about 1 Å to about 100 Å, for example, about 3 Å to about 90 Å. When the thickness of the electron injection layer is within the range described above, the electron injection layer may have suitable or satisfactory electron injection characteristics without a substantial increase in driving voltage.

Second Electrode 190

The second electrode 190 may be located on the organic layer 150 having such a structure. The second electrode 190 may be a cathode which is an electron injection electrode, and in this regard, a material for forming the second electrode 190 may be selected from metal, an alloy, an electrically conductive compound, and a combination thereof, which have a relatively low work function.

The second electrode 190 may include at least one selected from lithium (Li), silver (Ag), magnesium (Mg), aluminum (Al), aluminum-lithium (Al—Li), calcium (Ca), magnesium-indium (Mg—In), magnesium-silver (Mg—Ag), ITO, and IZO, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. The second electrode 190 may be a transmissive electrode, a semi-transmissive electrode, or a reflective electrode.

The second electrode 190 may have a single-layered structure, or a multi-layered structure including two or more layers.

Description of FIGS. 2 to 4

An organic light-emitting device 20 of FIG. 2 includes a first capping layer 210, a first electrode 110, an organic layer 150, and a second electrode 190 which are sequentially stacked in this stated order, an organic light-emitting device 30 of FIG. 3 includes a first electrode 110, an organic layer 150, a second electrode 190, and a second capping layer 220 which are sequentially stacked in this stated order, and an organic light-emitting device 40 of FIG. 4 includes a first capping layer 210, a first electrode 110, an organic layer 150, a second electrode 190, and a second capping layer 220.

Regarding FIGS. 2 to 4, the first electrode 110, the organic layer 150, and the second electrode 190 may be understood by referring to the description presented in connection with FIG. 1.

In the organic layer 150 of each of the organic light-emitting devices 20 and 40, light generated in an emission layer may pass through the first electrode 110, which is a semi-transmissive electrode or a transmissive electrode, and the first capping layer 210 toward the outside, and in the organic layer 150 of each of the organic light-emitting devices 30 and 40, light generated in an emission layer may pass through the second electrode 190, which is a semi-transmissive electrode or a transmissive electrode, and the second capping layer 220 toward the outside.

The first capping layer 210 and the second capping layer 220 may increase external luminescent efficiency according to the principle of constructive interference.

The first capping layer 210 and the second capping layer 220 may each independently be an organic capping layer including an organic material, an inorganic capping layer including an inorganic material, or a composite capping layer including an organic material and an inorganic material.

At least one selected from the first capping layer 210 and the second capping layer 220 may each independently include at least one material selected from carbocyclic compounds, heterocyclic compounds, amine-based compounds, porphyrine derivatives, phthalocyanine derivatives, naphthalocyanine derivatives, alkali metal complexes, and alkaline earth-based complexes. The carbocyclic compound, the heterocyclic compound, and the amine-based compound may be optionally substituted with a substituent containing at least one element selected from O, N, S, Se, Si, F, Cl, Br, and I. In one embodiment, at least one selected from the first capping layer 210 and the second capping layer 220 may each independently include an amine-based compound.

In one embodiment, at least one selected from the first capping layer 210 and the second capping layer 220 may each independently include the compound represented by Formula 201 or the compound represented by Formula 202.

In one or more embodiments, at least one selected from the first capping layer 210 and the second capping layer 220 may each independently include a compound selected from Compounds HT28 to HT33 and Compounds CP1 to CP5, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

Hereinbefore, the organic light-emitting device according to an embodiment has been described in connection with FIGS. 1 to 4. However, embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

Layers constituting the hole transport region, an emission layer, and layers constituting the electron transport region may be formed in a certain region by using one or more suitable methods selected from vacuum deposition, spin coating, casting, Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) deposition, ink-jet printing, laser-printing, and laser-induced thermal imaging.

When layers constituting the hole transport region, an emission layer, and layers constituting the electron transport region are formed by vacuum deposition, the deposition may be performed at a deposition temperature of about 100° C. to about 500° C., a vacuum degree of about 10⁻⁸ torr to about 10⁻³ torr, and a deposition speed of about 0.01 Å/sec to about 100 Å/sec by taking into account a material to be included in a layer to be formed, and the structure of a layer to be formed.

When layers constituting the hole transport region, an emission layer, and layers constituting the electron transport region are formed by spin coating, the spin coating may be performed at a coating speed of about 2,000 rpm to about 5,000 rpm and at a heat treatment temperature of about 80° C. to 200° C. by taking into account a material to be included in a layer to be formed, and the structure of a layer to be formed.

Apparatus

The organic light-emitting device as described above may be used in various suitable apparatuses.

Thus, another aspect of an embodiment provides an apparatus including the organic light-emitting device.

The apparatus may be, for example, a light-emitting apparatus, an authentication apparatus, or an electronic apparatus, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

The light-emitting apparatus may be used for various suitable displays, light sources, and the like.

The authentication apparatus may be a biometric authentication apparatus for authenticating an individual by using biometric information (for example, information about a fingertip, a pupil, or the like.)

The authentication apparatus may further include a biometric information collection element in addition to the organic light-emitting device as described above.

The electron apparatus may be a personal computer (for example, a mobile-type personal computer), a mobile phone, a digital camera, an electronic notebook, an electronic dictionary, an electronic game machine, a medical device (for example, an electronic thermometer, a blood pressure meter, a blood glucose meter, a pulse measuring apparatus, a pulse wave measuring apparatus, an electrocardiograph display apparatus, an ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus, an endoscope display apparatus), a fish finder, various suitable measuring apparatuses, meters (for example, meters for vehicles, aircrafts, or ships), a projector, or the like, but embodiments are not limited thereto.

In one or more embodiments, the apparatus may further include a thin film transistor, in addition to the organic light-emitting device. Here, the thin film transistor includes a source electrode and a drain electrode, and the first electrode of the organic light emitting device may be electrically coupled to at least one of a source electrode and a drain electrode of the thin film transistor.

General Definition of at Least Some of the Substituents

The term “Period 1 transition metal,” as used herein, refers to an element which is of Period 4 of the Periodic Table and is included in the d-block, and examples thereof are scandium (Sc), titanium (Ti), vanadium (V), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn).

The term “Period 2 transition metal,” as used herein, refers to an element which is of Period 5 of the Periodic Table and is included in the d-block, and examples thereof are yttrium (Y), zirconium (Zr), niobium (Nb), molybdenum (Mo), technetium (Tc), ruthenium (Ru), rhodium (Rh), palladium (Pd), silver (Ag), and cadmium (Cd).

The term “Period 3 transition metal,” as used herein, refers to an element which is of Period 6 of the Periodic Table and is included in the d-block and the f-block, and includes the lanthanides, which may also be referred to as “inner transition metals.” Examples of the Period 3 transition metals include lanthanum (La), samarium (Sm), europium (Eu), terbium (Tb), thulium (Tm), ytterbium (Yb), lutetium (Lu), hafnium (Hf), tantalum (Ta), tungsten (W), rhenium (Re), osmium (Os), iridium (Ir), platinum (Pr), gold (Au), and mercury (Hg).

The term “C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group,” as used herein, refers to a linear or branched aliphatic saturated hydrocarbon monovalent group having 1 to 60 carbon atoms, and examples thereof include a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, an isobutyl group, a sec-butyl group, a tert-butyl group, a pentyl group, an iso-amyl group, and a hexyl group. The term “C₁-C₆₀ alkylene group,” as used herein, refers to a divalent group having substantially the same structure as that of the C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group.

The term “C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group,” as used herein, refers to a hydrocarbon group having at least one carbon-carbon double bond at a main chain (e.g., in the middle) or at a terminal end (e.g., at the terminus) of the C₂-C₆₀ alkyl group, and examples thereof include an ethenyl group, a propenyl group, and a butenyl group. The term “C₂-C₆₀ alkenylene group,” as used herein, refers to a divalent group having substantially the same structure as that of the C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group.

The term “C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group,” as used herein, refers to a hydrocarbon group having at least one carbon-carbon triple bond at a main chain (e.g., in the middle) or at a terminal end (e.g., at the terminus) of the C₂-C₆₀ alkyl group, and examples thereof include an ethynyl group and a propynyl group. The term “C₂-C₆₀ alkynylene group,” as used herein, refers to a divalent group having substantially the same structure as that of the C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group.

The term “C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group,” as used herein, refers to a monovalent group represented by —OA₁₀₁ (wherein A₁₀₁ is the C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group), and examples thereof include a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, and an isopropyloxy group.

The term “C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group,” as used herein, refers to a monovalent saturated hydrocarbon monocyclic group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, and examples thereof include a cyclopropyl group, a cyclobutyl group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, and a cycloheptyl group. The term “C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkylene group,” as used herein, refers to a divalent group having substantially the same structure as that of the C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group.

The term “C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group,” as used herein, refers to a monovalent monocyclic group having at least one heteroatom selected from N, O, Si, P, and S as a ring-forming atom and 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and examples thereof include a 1,2,3,4-oxatriazolidinyl group, a tetrahydrofuranyl group, and a tetrahydrothiophenyl group. The term “C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkylene group,” as used herein, refers to a divalent group having substantially the same structure as the C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group.

The term “C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group,” as used herein, refers to a monovalent monocyclic group that has 3 to 10 carbon atoms and at least one carbon-carbon double bond in the ring thereof and no aromaticity (e.g., the ring and/or group is not aromatic), and examples thereof include a cyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group, and a cycloheptenyl group. The term “C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenylene group,” as used herein, refers to a divalent group having substantially the same structure as the C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group.

The term “C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group,” as used herein, refers to a monovalent monocyclic group that has at least one heteroatom selected from N, O, Si, P, and S as a ring-forming atom, 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and at least one carbon-carbon double bond in its ring. Non-limiting examples of the C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group include a 4,5-dihydro-1,2,3,4-oxatriazolyl group, a 2,3-dihydrofuranyl group and a 2,3-dihydrothiophenyl group. The term “C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenylene group,” as used herein, refers to a divalent group having substantially the same structure as the C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group.

The term “C₆₋₆₀ aryl group,” as used herein, refers to a monovalent group having a carbocyclic aromatic system having 6 to 60 carbon atoms, and a C₆-C₆₀ arylene group used herein refers to a divalent group having a carbocyclic aromatic system having 6 to 60 carbon atoms. Non-limiting examples of the C₆-C₆₀ aryl group include a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, an anthracenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, a pyrenyl group, and a chrysenyl group. When the C₆-C₆₀ aryl group and the C₆-C₆₀ arylene group each include two or more rings, the rings may be fused to each other (e.g., combined together).

The term “C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group,” as used herein, refers to a monovalent group having a carbocyclic aromatic system that has at least one heteroatom selected from N, O, Si, P, and S as a ring-forming atom, in addition to 1 to 60 carbon atoms. The term “C₁-C₆₀ heteroarylene group,” as used herein, refers to a divalent group having a carbocyclic aromatic system that has at least one heteroatom selected from N, O, Si, P, and S as a ring-forming atom, in addition to 1 to 60 carbon atoms. Non-limiting examples of the C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group are a pyridinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a triazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, and an isoquinolinyl group. When the C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, and the C₁-C₆₀ heteroarylene group each include two or more rings, two or more rings may be fused to each other (e.g., combined together).

The term “C₆₋₆₀ aryloxy group,” as used herein, refers to —OA₁₀₂ (wherein A₁₀₂ is the C₆-C₆₀ aryl group), and a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group used herein indicates —SA₁₀₃ (wherein A₁₀₃ is the C₆-C₆₀ aryl group).

The term “C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryloxy group,” as used herein, refers to —OA₁₀₄ (wherein A₁₀₄ is the C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group), and the C₁-C₆₀ heteroarylthio group refers to —SA₁₀₅ (wherein A₁₀₅ is the C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group).

The term “monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group,” as used herein, refers to a monovalent group (for example, having 8 to 60 carbon atoms) having two or more rings condensed with each other (e.g., combined together), only carbon atoms as ring-forming atoms, and no aromaticity in its entire molecular structure (e.g., the entire molecular structure is not aromatic). Examples of the monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group are a fluorenyl group and the like. The term “divalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group,” as used herein, refers to a divalent group having substantially the same structure as the monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group.

The term “monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group,” as used herein, refers to a monovalent group (for example, having 1 to 60 carbon atoms) having two or more rings condensed to each other (e.g., combined together), at least one heteroatom selected from N, O, Si, P, and S, other than carbon atoms, as a ring-forming atom, and no aromaticity in its entire molecular structure (e.g., the entire molecular structure is not aromatic). An example of the monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group is a carbazolyl group. The term “divalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group,” as used herein, refers to a divalent group having substantially the same structure as the monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group.

The term “C₅-C₆₀ carbocyclic group,” as used herein, refers to a monocyclic or polycyclic group that includes only carbon as a ring-forming atom and consists of 5 to 60 carbon atoms. The C₅-C₆₀ carbocyclic group may be an aromatic carbocyclic group or a non-aromatic carbocyclic group. The C₅-C₆₀ carbocyclic group may be a ring, such as a benzene, a monovalent group, such as a phenyl group, or a divalent group, such as a phenylene group. In one or more embodiments, depending on the number of substituents connected to the C₅-C₆₀ carbocyclic group, the C₅-C₆₀ carbocyclic group may be a trivalent group or a quadrivalent group.

The term “C₁-C₆₀ heterocyclic group,” as used herein, refers to a group having substantially the same structure as the C₅-C₆₀ carbocyclic group, except that as a ring-forming atom, at least one heteroatom selected from N, O, Si, P, and S is used in addition to carbon (the number of carbon atoms may be in a range of 1 to 60).

At least one substituent selected from the substituted C₅-C₆₀ carbocyclic group, the substituted C₁-C₆₀ heterocyclic group, the substituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkylene group, the substituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkylene group, the substituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenylene group, the substituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenylene group, the substituted C₆-C₆₀ arylene group, the substituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroarylene group, the substituted divalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, the substituted divalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, the substituted C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, the substituted C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, the substituted C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, the substituted C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, the substituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, the substituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, the substituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, the substituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, the substituted C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, the substituted C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, the substituted C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, the substituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, the substituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryloxy group, the substituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroarylthio group, the substituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and the substituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group may be selected from:

deuterium (-D), —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, and a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group;

a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, and a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, each substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, —Si(Q₁₁)(Q₁₂)(Q₁₃), —N(Q₁₁)(Q₁₂), —B(Q₁₁)(Q₁₂), —C(═O)(Q₁₁), —S(═O)₂(Q₁₁), and —P(═O)(Q₁₁)(Q₁₂);

a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group;

a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryloxy group, a C₁-C₆₀ heteroarylthio group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, each substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryloxy group, a C₁-C₆₀ heteroarylthio group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, —Si(Q₂₁)(Q₂₂)(Q₂₃), —N(Q₂₁)(Q₂₂), —B(Q₂₁)(Q₂₂), —C(═O)(Q₂₁), —S(═O)₂(Q₂₁), and —P(═O)(Q₂₁)(Q₂₂); and

—Si(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂)(Q₃₃), —N(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂), —B(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂), —C(═O)(Q₃₁), —S(═O)₂(Q₃₁), and —P(═O)(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂),

Q₁₁ to Q₁₃, Q₂₁ to Q₂₃, and Q₃₁ to Q₃₃ may each independently be selected from hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryloxy group, a C₁-C₆₀ heteroarylthio group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F, and a cyano group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F, and a cyano group, a biphenyl group, and a terphenyl group.

The term “Ph,” as used herein, refers to a phenyl group, the term “Me,” as used herein, refers to a methyl group, the term “Et,” as used herein, refers to an ethyl group, the term “ter-Bu” or “Bu^(t),” as used herein, refers to a tert-butyl group, and the term “OMe,” as used herein, refers to a methoxy group.

The term “biphenyl group,” as used herein, refers to “a phenyl group substituted with a phenyl group.” In other words, the “biphenyl group” is a substituted phenyl group having a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group as a substituent.

The term “terphenyl group,” as used herein, refers to “a phenyl group substituted with a biphenyl group.” In other words, the “terphenyl group” is a phenyl group having, as a substituent, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group substituted with a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group.

* and *′ used herein, unless defined otherwise, each refer to a binding site to a neighboring atom in a corresponding formula.

Hereinafter, a compound according to embodiments and an organic light-emitting device according to embodiments will be described in more detail with reference to Synthesis Examples and Examples. The wording “B was used instead of A,” as used in describing the Synthesis Examples, indicates that an identical molar equivalent of B was used in place of A.

EXAMPLES Synthesis Example 1: Synthesis of Compound 1 (1) Synthesis of Intermediate 1-C

Starting material 1-A (11.8 g, 40 mmol), starting material 1-B (16.7 g, 80 mmol), CuI (3.8 g, 20 mmol), potassium carbonate (11.1 g, 80 mmol), and 1-methyl-1H-imidazole (3.3 g, 40 mmol) were added to 250 ml of toluene, and then, the mixture was refluxed while stirring under a nitrogen atmosphere for 7 days. Then, the reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature, 300 ml of water was added to isolate the organic layer, and the water layer was extracted twice with 250 ml of dichloromethane. The extracted organic layer was stirred with MgSO₄ to remove water therefrom, and the organic layer was filtered and evaporated under reduced pressure. The resulting solid was subjected to column chromatography using, as an eluent, dichloromethane and normal hexane to obtain 5.6 g of Intermediate 1-C at the yield of 33%.

MS (MALDI-TOF) m/z: 424 [M]+

(2) Synthesis of Intermediate 1-F

Starting material 1-D (6.0 g, 17.4 mmol), starting material 1-E (2.8 g, 17.4 mmol), tetrakistriphenylphosphinepalladium (0.6 g, 0.5 mmol), and potassiumcarbonate (7.2 g, 52.1 mmol) were loaded into a 250 ml flask, and then, 100 ml of toluene, 20 ml of ethanol, and 20 ml of water were added thereto. The resultant mixture was stirred at room temperature for 30 minutes while bubbling with N₂, and then, the temperature was raised, followed by stirring for 12 hours while refluxing. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature, and 100 ml of water and 100 ml of ethylacetate were added to isolate the organic layer. The water layer was extracted twice with 50 ml of dichloromethane. The extracted organic layer was stirred with MgSO₄ to remove water therefrom, and the organic layer was filtered and evaporated under reduced pressure. The resulting solid was subjected to column chromatography using, as an eluent, dichloromethane and normal hexane to obtain 3.8 g of Intermediate 1-F at the yield of 75%.

MS (MALDI-TOF) m/z: 295 [M]+

(3) Synthesis of Intermediate 1-G

Starting material 1-C(5.5 g, 13.0 mmol) and starting material 1-F (3.8 g, 13.0 mmol) were added to 100 ml of toluene and then, tris (dibenzylidineacetone)dipalladium(0) (0.4 g, 0.4 mmol), tri-tert-butylphosphine (0.2 g, 0.8 mmol, 50% solution in toluene), and sodium-tert-butoxide (3.7 g, 39.0 mmol) were added thereto. The resultant mixture was stirred at room temperature for 30 minutes while bubbling with N₂, and then, the temperature was raised, followed by stirring for 24 hours while refluxing. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature, and 100 ml of water and 100 ml of ethylacetate were added to isolate the organic layer. The water layer was extracted twice with 500 ml of dichloromethane. The extracted organic layer was stirred with MgSO₄ to remove water therefrom, and the organic layer was filtered and evaporated under reduced pressure. The resulting solid was subjected to column chromatography using dichloromethane and an eluent to obtain 4.6 g of Intermediate 1-G at the yield of 55%.

MS (MALDI-TOF) m/z: 638 [M]+

(4) Synthesis of Compound 1

Starting material 1-G (4.6 g, 7.2 mmol) and potassium tetrachloroplatinate (II) (3.1 g, 7.6 mmol) were added to a sealed tube, and 500 ml of glacial acetic acid and normal-tetra-butylammoniumbromide (0.2 g, 0.7 mmol) was added thereto. The resultant mixture was stirred at room temperature for 30 minutes while bubbling with N₂, and then, the temperature was raised while the sealed tube was closed with its cover, followed by stirring for 96 hours while refluxing. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature, to which 500 ml of water was added and stirred. The resulting precipitate was filtered, washed three times with water, and then the obtained solid was dried. The dried solid was subjected to column chromatography using, as an eluent, dichloromethane and normal hexane to obtain 1.4 g of Compound 1 at the yield of 23%.

MS (MALDI-TOF) m/z: 831 [M]+

Synthesis Example 2: Synthesis of Compound 2 (1) Synthesis of Intermediate 2-C

Starting material 2-A (10.0 g, 28.9 mmol), starting material 2-B (6.2 g, 28.9 mmol), tetrakistriphenylphosphinepalladium (1.0 g 0.9 mmol) and potassiumcarbonate (12.0 g, 86.8 mmol) were loaded into a 250 ml flask, and then, 200 ml of toluene, 40 ml of ethanol, and 40 ml of water were added thereto. The resultant mixture was stirred at room temperature for 30 minutes while bubbling with N₂, and then, the temperature was raised, followed by stirring for 12 hours while refluxing. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature, and 200 ml of water and 200 ml of ethylacetate were added to isolate the organic layer. 100 ml of dichloromethane was added to the water layer to extract the organic layer. This extraction process was performed twice. The extracted organic layer was stirred with MgSO₄ to remove water therefrom, and the organic layer was filtered and evaporated under reduced pressure. The resulting solid was subjected to column chromatography using, as an eluent, dichloromethane and normal hexane to obtain 4.4 g of Intermediate 2-C at the yield of 38%.

MS (MALDI-TOF) m/z: 395 [M]+

(2) Synthesis of Intermediate 2-E

Starting material 2-C(4.4 g, 11.0 mmol) and starting material 2-D (4.2 g, 11.0 mmol) were added to 100 ml of toluene, and then, tris (dibenzylidineacetone)dipalladium(0) (0.3 g, 0.3 mmol), tri-tert-butylphosphine (0.15 g, 0.7 mmol, 50% solution in toluene) and sodium-tert-butoxide (3.2 g, 33.0 mmol) were added thereto. The resultant mixture was stirred at room temperature for 30 minutes while bubbling with N₂, and then, the temperature was raised, followed by stirring for 24 hours while refluxing. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature, and 100 ml of water and 100 ml of ethylacetate were added to isolate the organic layer. The water layer was extracted twice with 500 ml of dichloromethane to obtain an organic layer. The extracted organic layer was stirred with MgSO₄ to remove water therefrom, and the organic layer was filtered and evaporated under reduced pressure. The resulting solid was subjected to column chromatography using dichloromethane and an eluent to obtain 3.4 g of Intermediate 2-E at the yield of 45%.

MS (MALDI-TOF) m/z: 694 [M]+

(3) Synthesis of Compound 2

Starting material 2-E (3.4 g, 5.0 mmol), potassium tetrachloroplatinate (II) (2.2 g, 5.3 mmol) were added to a sealed tube, and 300 ml of glacial acetic acid and normal-tetra-butylammoniumbromide (0.1 g, 0.5 mmol) was added thereto. The resultant mixture was stirred at room temperature for 30 minutes while bubbling with N₂, and then, the temperature was raised while the sealed tube was closed with its cover, followed by stirring for 96 hours while refluxing. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature, to which 300 ml of water was added and stirred. The resulting precipitate was filtered, washed three times with water, and then the obtained solid was dried. The dried solid was subjected to column chromatography using, as an eluent, dichloromethane and normal hexane to obtain 0.8 g of Compound 2 at the yield of 18%.

MS (MALDI-TOF) m/z: 886 [M]+

Synthesis Example 3: Synthesis of Compound 3 (1) Synthesis of Intermediate 3-C

Starting material 3-A (9.9 g, 40 mmol), starting material 3-B (18.7 g, 80 mmol), CuI (3.8 g, 20 mmol), potassium carbonate (11.1 g, 80 mmol), and 1-methyl-1H-imidazole (3.3 g, 40 mmol) were added to 250 ml of toluene, and then, the mixture was refluxed while stirring at a nitrogen atmosphere for 7 days. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature, and 300 ml of water was added to isolate the organic layer. The water layer was extracted twice with 250 ml of dichloromethane to obtain an organic layer. The extracted organic layer was stirred with MgSO₄ to remove water therefrom, and the organic layer was filtered and evaporated under reduced pressure. The resulting solid was subjected to column chromatography using, as an eluent, dichloromethane and normal hexane to obtain 4.3 g of Intermediate 3-C at the yield of 27%.

MS (MALDI-TOF) m/z: 400 [M]+

(2) Synthesis of Intermediate 3-F

Starting material 3-D (6.9 g, 20.0 mmol), starting material 3-E (4.2 g, 20.0 mmol), tetrakistriphenylphosphinepalladium (0.7 g, 0.6 mmol) and potassiumcarbonate (8.3 g, 59.9 mmol) were loaded into a 250 ml flask, and then, 200 ml of toluene, 40 ml of ethanol, and 40 ml of water were added thereto. The resultant mixture was stirred at room temperature for 30 minutes while bubbling with N₂, and then, the temperature was raised, followed by stirring for 12 hours while refluxing. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature, and 200 ml of water and 200 ml of ethylacetate were added to isolate the organic layer. The water layer was extracted twice with 100 ml of dichloromethane to obtain an organic layer. The extracted organic layer was stirred with MgSO₄ to remove water therefrom, and the organic layer was filtered and evaporated under reduced pressure. The resulting solid was subjected to column chromatography using, as an eluent, dichloromethane and normal hexane to obtain 4.8 g of Intermediate 3-F at the yield of 70%.

MS (MALDI-TOF) m/z: 345 [M]+

(3) Synthesis of Intermediate 3-G

Starting material 3-C(4.3 g, 10.8 mmol) and starting material 3-F (3.7 g, 10.8 mmol) were added to 100 ml of toluene, and then, tris (dibenzylidineacetone)dipalladium(0) (0.3 g, 0.3 mmol), tri-tert-butylphosphine (0.15 g, 0.7 mmol, 50% solution in toluene) and sodium-tert-butoxide (3.1 g, 32.4 mmol) were added thereto. The resultant mixture was stirred at room temperature for 30 minutes while bubbling with N₂, and then, the temperature was raised, followed by stirring for 24 hours while refluxing. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature, and 100 ml of water and 100 ml of ethylacetate were added to isolate the organic layer. The water layer was extracted twice with 500 ml of dichloromethane to obtain an organic layer. The extracted organic layer was stirred with MgSO₄ to remove water therefrom, and the organic layer was filtered and evaporated under reduced pressure. The resulting solid was subjected to column chromatography using dichloromethane and an eluent to obtain 3.5 g of Intermediate 3-G at the yield of 49%.

MS (MALDI-TOF) m/z: 664 [M]+

(4) Synthesis of Compound 3

Starting material 3-G (3.5 g, 5.3 mmol), potassium tetrachloroplatinate (II) (2.3 g, 5.6 mmol) were added to a sealed tube, and 300 ml of glacial acetic acid and normal-tetra-butylammoniumbromide (0.1 g, 0.5 mmol) was added thereto. The resultant mixture was stirred at room temperature for 30 minutes while bubbling with N₂, and then, the temperature was raised while the sealed tube was closed with its cover, followed by stirring for 96 hours while refluxing. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature, to which 300 ml of water was added and stirred. The resulting precipitate was filtered, washed three times with water, and then the obtained solid was dried. The dried solid was subjected to column chromatography using, as an eluent, dichloromethane and normal hexane to obtain 0.9 g of Compound 3 at the yield of 20%.

MS (MALDI-TOF) m/z: 857 [M]+

Example 1

As an anode, a glass substrate on which 120 nm-thick ITO was subjected to ultrasonic cleaning and pretreatments (treatment with ultraviolet (UV) and O₃, and heat treatment).

Compound HT6 and HAT-CN were co-deposited on the anode to form a hole transport layer having a thickness of 120 nm.

Compound H56 as a host and Compound 1 as a dopant were co-deposited to a weight ratio of 98:2 on the hole transport layer to form an emission layer having a thickness of 30 nm.

BAlq was deposited on the emission layer to form a hole blocking layer having a thickness of 5 nm, and then, Alq3 was deposited on the hole blocking layer to form an electron transport layer having a thickness of 25 nm, and then, LiF was deposited on the electron transport layer to form an electron injection layer having a thickness of 0.5 nm, and then, Al was deposited on the electron injection layer to form a cathode having a thickness of 150 nm, thereby completing the manufacture of an organic light-emitting device having the structure of ITO (120 nm)/HT6:HAT-CN(120 nm)/H56:1 (2 wt %) (30 nm)/BAlq(5 nm)/Alq(25 nm)/LiF(0.5 nm)/Al(150 nm).

Example 2

An organic light-emitting device was manufactured in substantially the same manner as in Example 1, except that, as a dopant, Compound 2 was used instead of Compound 1.

Example 3

An organic light-emitting device was manufactured in substantially the same manner as in Example 1, except that, as a dopant, Compound 3 was used instead of Compound 1.

Evaluation Example 2

The driving voltage, current density, external quantum luminous efficiency, and maximum emission wavelength of the organic light-emitting devices manufactured according to Examples 1 to 3 were measured by using a Keithley SMU 236 and a luminance meter PR650.

The organic light-emitting devices of Examples 1 to 3 were found to have lower driving voltage and higher external quantum luminous efficiency than other organic light-emitting devices of the related art, while emitting near-infrared light having a maximum emission wavelength of 720 nm or more.

Organic light-emitting devices, including the organometallic compound, can emit red or near-infrared light with a maximum emission wavelength of 720 nm or more and 2,500 nm or less, while having low driving voltage and high external quantum luminous efficiency.

It should be understood that embodiments described herein should be considered in a descriptive sense only and not for purposes of limitation. Descriptions of features or aspects within each embodiment should be considered as available for other similar features or aspects in other embodiments.

It will be understood that, although the terms “first,” “second,” “third,” etc., may be used herein to describe various elements, components, regions, layers and/or sections, these elements, components, regions, layers and/or sections should not be limited by these terms. These terms are used to distinguish one element, component, region, layer or section from another element, component, region, layer or section. Thus, a first element, component, region, layer or section described below could be termed a second element, component, region, layer or section, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure.

Spatially relative terms, such as “beneath,” “below,” “lower,” “under,” “above,” “upper,” and the like, may be used herein for ease of explanation to describe one element or feature's relationship to another element(s) or feature(s) as illustrated in the figures. It will be understood that the spatially relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations of the device in use or in operation, in addition to the orientation depicted in the figures. For example, if the device in the figures is turned over, elements described as “below” or “beneath” or “under” other elements or features would then be oriented “above” the other elements or features. Thus, the example terms “below” and “under” can encompass both an orientation of above and below. The device may be otherwise oriented (e.g., rotated 90 degrees or at other orientations) and the spatially relative descriptors used herein should be interpreted accordingly. As used herein, the term “and/or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items. Expressions such as “at least one of,” when preceding a list of elements, modify the entire list of elements and do not modify the individual elements of the list.

As used herein, the terms “substantially,” “about,” and similar terms are used as terms of approximation and not as terms of degree, and are intended to account for the inherent deviations in measured or calculated values that would be recognized by those of ordinary skill in the art. Further, the use of “may” when describing embodiments of the present disclosure refers to “one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.” As used herein, the terms “use,” “using,” and “used” may be considered synonymous with the terms “utilize,” “utilizing,” and “utilized,” respectively. Also, the term “exemplary” is intended to refer to an example or illustration.

Also, any numerical range recited herein is intended to include all sub-ranges of the same numerical precision subsumed within the recited range. For example, a range of “1.0 to 10.0” is intended to include all subranges between (and including) the recited minimum value of 1.0 and the recited maximum value of 10.0, that is, having a minimum value equal to or greater than 1.0 and a maximum value equal to or less than 10.0, such as, for example, 2.4 to 7.6. Any maximum numerical limitation recited herein is intended to include all lower numerical limitations subsumed therein, and any minimum numerical limitation recited in this specification is intended to include all higher numerical limitations subsumed therein. Accordingly, Applicant reserves the right to amend this specification, including the claims, to expressly recite any sub-range subsumed within the ranges expressly recited herein.

While one or more embodiments have been described with reference to the figures, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope as defined by the following claims, and equivalents thereof. 

What is claimed is:
 1. An organic light-emitting device comprising: a first electrode; a second electrode; and an organic layer between the first electrode and the second electrode and comprising an emission layer, wherein: the organic layer comprises an organometallic compound represented by Formula 1:

wherein, in Formulae 1, 1-1,2-1,2-2, 3-1, and 3-2, M₁ is selected from a Period 1 transition metal, a Period 2 transition metal, and a Period 3 transition metal; *1 to *4 each indicate a binding site to M₁; L₁ is a ligand represented by Formula 1-1; L₂ is selected from a monodentate ligand and a bidentate ligand; n1 is 1, n2 is selected from 0, 1, and 2; A₁₁ to A₁₄ are each independently selected from a group represented by Formula 2-1, a group represented by Formula 2-2, a group represented by Formula 3-1, a group represented by Formula 3-2, a C₅-C₆₀ carbocyclic group, and a C₁-C₆₀ heterocyclic group; at least one selected from A₁₁ to A₁₄ is selected from a group represented by Formula 2-1 and a group represented by Formula 2-2; and at least one selected from A₁₁ to A₁₄ is selected from a group represented by Formula 3-1 and a group represented by Formula 3-2; Y₁₁ to Y₁₄ are each independently selected from N and C; T₁₁ to T₁₄ are each independently selected from a single bond, *—O—*′, and *—S—*′; L₁₁ to L₁₄ are each independently selected from a single bond, *—O—*′, *—S—*′, *—C(R₁₇)(R₁₈)—*′, *—C(R₁₇)=*′, *═C(R₁₇)—*′, *—C(R₁₇)═C(R₁₈)—*′, *—C(═O)—*′, *—C(═S)—*′, *—C≡C—*′, *—B(R₁₇)—*′, *—N(R₁₇)—*′, *—P(R₁₇)—*′, *—Si(R₁₇)(R₁₈)—*′, *—P(R₁₇)(R₁₈)—*′, and *—Ge(R₁₇)(R₁₈)—*′; a11 to a14 are each independently selected from 0, 1, 2, and 3, and at least three selected from a11 to a14 are selected from 1, 2, and 3; when a11 is 0, A₁₁ and A₁₂ are not linked to each other, when al 2 is 0, A₁₂ and A₁₃ are not linked to each other, when al 3 is 0, A₁₃ and A₁₄ are not linked to each other, and when a14 is 0, A₁₄ and A₁₁ are not linked to each other, R₁₁ to R₁₄, R₁₇, and R₁₈ are each independently selected from hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroarylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, —Si(Q₁)(Q₂)(Q₃), —B(Q₁)(Q₂), —N(Q₁)(Q₂), —P(Q₁)(Q₂), —C(═O)(Q₁), —S(═O)(Q₁), —S(═O)₂(Q₁), —P(═O)(Q₁)(Q₂), and —P(═S)(Q₁)(Q₂); R₁₇ and R₁₁, R₁₇ and R₁₂, R₁₇ and R₁₃, and/or R₁₇ and R₁₄ are optionally linked to each other to form a substituted or unsubstituted C₅-C₆₀ carbocyclic group or a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heterocyclic group, R₁₇ and R₁₈ are optionally linked to each other to form a substituted or unsubstituted C₅-C₆₀ carbocyclic group or a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heterocyclic group, b11 to b14 are each independently selected from 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8; X₂₁ is selected from O, S, N(R₂₄), and C(R₂₄)(R₂₅); X₂₂ to X₂₅ are each independently selected from N and C, A₂₁ and A₂₂ are each independently selected from a C₅-C₆₀ carbocyclic group and a C₁-C₆₀ heterocyclic group; X₃₁ is N, N—*, or C(R₃₁), X₃₂ is N, N—*, or C(R₃₂), X₃₃ is N, N—*, or C(R₃₃), X₃₄ is N, N—*, or C(R₃₄), X₃₅ is N, N—*, or C(R₃₅), X₃₆ is N, N—*, or C(R₃₆), X₃₇ is N, N—*, or C(R₃₇), and X₃₈ is N, N—*, or C(R₃₈), two or more selected from X₃₁ to X₃₄ are each independently N or N—*, one or more selected from X₃₅ to X₃₈ each independently N or N—*, A₃₁ is selected from a C₅-C₆₀ carbocyclic group and a C₁-C₆₀ heterocyclic group; A₃₂ is a C₁-C₆₀ heterocyclic group containing at least one N, R₂₁ to R₂₅ and R₃₁ to R₃₉ are each independently selected from a binding site, hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroarylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, —Si(Q₁)(Q₂)(Q₃), —B(Q₁)(Q₂), —N(Q₁)(Q₂), —P(Q₁)(Q₂), —C(═O)(Q₁), —S(═O)(Q₁), —S(═O)₂(Q₁), —P(═O)(Q₁)(Q₂), and —P(═S)(Q₁)(Q₂); one, two, or three selected from R₂₁ to R₂₅ are binding sites, one, two, or three selected from R₃₁ to R₃₄ and R₃₉ are binding sites, one, two, or three selected from R₃₅ to R₃₉ are binding sites, Q₁ to Q₃ are each independently selected from hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryloxy group, a C₁-C₆₀ heteroarylthio group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, a biphenyl group, and a terphenyl group; and * and *′ each indicate a binding site to a neighboring atom.
 2. The organic light-emitting device of claim 1, wherein: M₁ is selected from platinum (Pt), palladium (Pd), copper (Cu), silver (Ag), gold (Au), rhodium (Rh), iridium (Ir), ruthenium (Ru), osmium (Os), titanium (Ti), zirconium (Zr), hafnium (Hf), europium (Eu), terbium (Tb), and thulium (Tm).
 3. The organic light-emitting device of claim 1, wherein: M₁ is selected from Pt, Pd, Ru, and Os.
 4. The organic light-emitting device of claim 1, wherein: A₁₁ to A₁₄ are each independently selected from a group represented by Formula 2-1, a group represented by Formula 2-2, a group represented by Formula 3-1, a group represented by Formula 3-2, a benzene group, a naphthalene group, an anthracene group, a phenanthrene group, a phenalene group, a triphenylene group, a pyrene group, a chrysene group, cyclopentadiene group, a 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene group, a furan group, a thiophene group, a silole group, an indene group, a fluorene group, an indole group, a carbazole group, a benzofuran group, a dibenzofuran group, a benzothiophene group, a dibenzothiophene group, a benzosilole group, a dibenzosilole group, an indenopyridine group, an indolopyridine group, a benzofuropyridine group, a benzothienopyridine group, a benzosilolopyridine group, an indenopyrimidine group, an indolopyrimidine group, a benzofuropyrimidine group, a benzothienopyrimidine group, a benzosilolopyrimidine group, a dihydropyridine group, a pyridine group, a pyrimidine group, a pyrazine group, a pyridazine group, a triazine group, a quinoline group, an isoquinoline group, a quinoxaline group, a quinazoline group, a phenanthroline group, a benzoquinoline group, a benzoisoquinoline group, a benzoquinoxaline group, a benzoquinazoline group, a pyrrole group, a pyrazole group, an imidazole group, a 2,3-dihydroimidazole group, a triazole group, a 2,3-dihydrotriazole group, an oxazole group, an isooxazole group, a thiazole group, an isothiazole group, an oxadiazole group, a thiadiazole group, a benzopyrazole group, a benzimidazole group, a 2,3-dihydrobenzimidazole group, an imidazopyridine group, a 2,3-dihydroimidazopyridine group, an imidazopyrimidine group, a 2,3-dihydroimidazopyrimidine group, an imidazopyrazine group, a 2,3-dihydroimidazopyrazine group, a benzoxazole group, a benzothiazole group, a benzoxadiazole group, a benzothiadiazole group, a 5,6,7,8-tetrahydroisoquinoline group, and a 5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinoline group.
 5. The organic light-emitting device of claim 1, wherein: A₁₁ to A₁₄ are each independently selected from a group represented by Formula 2-1, a group represented by Formula 2-2, a group represented by Formula 3-1, a group represented by Formula 3-2, a benzene group, a naphthalene group, a pyridine group, a pyrimidine group, a pyrazine group, a pyridazine group, a triazine group, a quinoline group, and an isoquinoline group.
 6. The organic light-emitting device of claim 1, wherein: two selected from Y₁₁ to Y₁₄ are C, and the remaining two are N.
 7. The organic light-emitting device of claim 1, wherein: T₁₁ to T₁₄ are each a single bond.
 8. The organic light-emitting device of claim 1, wherein: L₁₁ to L₁₄ are each independently selected from a single bond, *—O—*′, and *—S—*′.
 9. The organic light-emitting device of claim 1, wherein: A₂₁ and A₂₂ are each independently selected from a benzene group, a naphthalene group, a phenanthrene group, a phenalene group, a pyridine group, a pyrimidine group, a pyrazine group, a pyridazine group, a triazine group, a quinoline group, an isoquinoline group, a quinoxaline group, and a quinazoline group.
 10. The organic light-emitting device of claim 1, wherein: a group represented by Formula 2-1 and a group represented by Formula 2-2 are each independently represented by one of Formulae 2-11 to 2-26:

wherein, in Formulae 2-11 to 2-26, X₂₁ is selected from O, S, N(R₂₄), and C(R₂₄)(R₂₅); X_(26a) is N, N—*, or C(R_(26a)), X_(26b) is N, N—*, or C(R_(26b)), X_(26c) is N, N—*, or C(R_(26c)), X_(26d) is N, N—*, or C(R_(26d)), X_(26e) is N, N—*, or C(R_(26e)), X_(26f) is N, N—*, or C(R_(26f)), X_(26g) is N, N—*, or C(R_(26g)), X_(26h) is N, N—*, or C(R_(26h)), X₂₆ is N, N—*, or C(R_(26i)), X_(26j) is N, N—*, or C(R_(26j)), X_(26k) is N, N—*, or C(R_(26k)), and X₂₆ is N, N—*, or C(R_(26l)), R₂₄, R₂₅, and R_(26a) to R_(26l) are each independently understood by referring to the definition of R₂₁ presented in connection with Formulae 2-1 and 2-2; one, two, or three selected from R₂₄, R₂₅ and R_(26a) to R_(26h) in Formula 2-11 are binding sites, one, two, or three selected from R₂₄, R₂₅ and R_(26a) to R_(26j) in Formulae 2-12 to 2-14 are binding sites, one, two, or three selected from R₂₄, R₂₅ and R_(26a) to R_(26l) in Formulae 2-15 to 2-23 are binding sites, one, two, or three selected from R₂₄, R₂₅ and R_(26a) to R_(26k) in Formulae 2-24 and 2-25 are binding sites, one, two, or three selected from R₂₄, R₂₅ and R_(26a) to R_(26h) in Formula 2-26 are binding sites, and * indicates a binding site to a neighbouring atom.
 11. The organic light-emitting device of claim 1, wherein: a group represented by Formula 2-1 and a group represented by Formula 2-2 are each independently represented by one of Formulae 2-31 to 2-44:

wherein, in Formulae 2-31 to 2-44, X_(26c) is N or C(R_(26c)), X_(26d) is N or C(R_(26d)), X_(26e) is N or C(R_(26e)), X_(26f) is N or C(R_(26f)), X_(26g) is N or C(R_(26g)), X_(26h) is N or C(R_(26h)), X_(26i) is N or C(R_(26i)), X_(26j) is N or C(R_(26j)), X_(26k) is N or C(R_(26k)), and X_(26l) is N or C(R_(26l)), R_(26c) to R_(26l) are each independently selected from hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroarylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, —Si(Q₁)(Q₂)(Q₃), —B(Q₁)(Q₂), —N(Q₁)(Q₂), —P(Q₁)(Q₂), —C(═O)(Q₁), —S(═O)(Q₁), —S(═O)₂(Q₁), —P(═O)(Q₁)(Q₂), and —P(═S)(Q₁)(Q₂); Q₁ to Q₃ are each independently selected from hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryloxy group, a C₁-C₆₀ heteroarylthio group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, a biphenyl group, and a terphenyl group; and *, *′, and *″ each indicate a binding site to a neighboring atom.
 12. The organic light-emitting device of claim 1, wherein: A₃₁ is selected from a benzene group, a naphthalene group, a pyridine group, a pyrimidine group, a pyrazine group, a pyridazine group, a triazine group, a quinoline group, and an isoquinoline group; and A₃₂ is selected from a pyridine group, a pyrimidine group, a pyrazine group, a pyridazine group, a triazine group, a quinoline group, and an isoquinoline group.
 13. The organic light-emitting device of claim 1, wherein: in Formula 3-1, X₃₁ and X₃₂ are each independently N or N—*; X₃₁ and X₃₃ are each independently N or N—*; X₃₁ and X₃₄ are each independently N or N—*; X₃₂ and X₃₃ are each independently N or N—*; X₃₂ and X₃₄ are each independently N or N—*; or X₃₃ and X₃₄ are each independently N or N—*; A₃₁ is selected from a benzene group, a naphthalene group, a pyridine group, a pyrimidine group, a pyrazine group, a pyridazine group, a triazine group, a quinoline group, and an isoquinoline group; and wherein, in Formula 3-2, X₃₅ is N or N—*; X₃₆ is N or N—*; X₃₇ is N or N—*; or X₃₈ is N or N—*; and A₃₂ is selected from a pyridine group, a pyrimidine group, a pyrazine group, a pyridazine group, a triazine group, a quinoline group, and an isoquinoline group.
 14. The organic light-emitting device of claim 1, wherein: the organometallic compound represented by Formula 1 is selected from Compounds 1 to 50:


15. The organic light-emitting device of claim 1, wherein: the organometallic compound emits red or near-infrared light having a maximum emission wavelength of 720 nm or more and 2,500 nm or less.
 16. The organic light-emitting device of claim 1, wherein: the first electrode is an anode, the second electrode is a cathode, and the organic layer further comprises a hole transport region between the first electrode and the emission layer and/or an electron transport region between the emission layer and the second electrode, the hole transport region comprises a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, an emission auxiliary layer, an electron blocking layer, or any combination thereof, and the electron transport region comprises a hole blocking layer, an electron transport layer, an electron injection layer, or any combination thereof.
 17. The organic light-emitting device of claim 1, wherein: the organometallic compound is included in the emission layer.
 18. An apparatus comprising the organic light-emitting device of claim
 1. 19. The apparatus of claim 18, wherein: the apparatus is a light-emitting device, an authentication apparatus, or an electronic apparatus.
 20. An organometallic compound represented by Formula 1:

wherein in Formulae 1, 1-1, 2-1, 2-2, 3-1, and 3-2, M₁ is selected from a Period 1 transition metal, a Period 2 transition metal, and a Period 3 transition metal; *1 to *4 each indicate a binding site to M₁; L₁ is a ligand represented by Formula 1-1; L₂ is selected from a monodentate ligand and a bidentate ligand; n1 is 1, n2 is selected from 0, 1, and 2; A₁₁ to A₁₄ are each independently selected from a group represented by Formula 2-1, a group represented by Formula 2-2, a group represented by Formula 3-1, a group represented by Formula 3-2, a C₅-C₆₀ carbocyclic group, and a C₁-C₆₀ heterocyclic group; at least one selected from A₁₁ to A₁₄ is selected from a group represented by Formula 2-1 and a group represented by Formula 2-2; and at least one selected from A₁₁ to A₁₄ is selected from a group represented by Formula 3-1 and a group represented by Formula 3-2; Y₁₁ to Y₁₄ are each independently selected from N and C; T₁₁ to T₁₄ are each independently selected from a single bond, *—O—*′, and *—S—*′; L₁₁ to L₁₄ are each independently selected from a single bond, *—O—*′, *—S—*′, *—C(R₁₇)(R₁₈)—*′, *—C(R₁₇)=*′, *═C(R₁₇)—*′, *—C(R₁₇)═C(R₁₈)—*′, *—C(═O)—*′, *—C(═S)—*′, *—C≡C—*′, *—B(R₁₇)—*′, *—N(R₁₇)—*′, *—P(R₁₇)—*′, *—Si(R₁₇)(R₁₈)—*′, *—P(R₁₇)(R₁₈)—*′, and *—Ge(R₁₇)(R₁₈)—*′; a11 to a14 are each independently selected from 0, 1, 2, and 3, and at least three selected from a11 to a14 are each independently selected from 1, 2, and 3; when a11 is 0, A₁₁ and A₁₂ are not linked to each other, when al 2 is 0, A₁₂ and A₁₃ are not linked to each other, when al 3 is 0, A₁₃ and A₁₄ are not linked to each other, and when a14 is 0, A₁₄ and A₁₁ are not linked to each other, R₁₁ to R₁₄, R₁₇, and R₁₈ are each independently selected from hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroarylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, —Si(Q₁)(Q₂)(Q₃), —B(Q₁)(Q₂), —N(Q₁)(Q₂), —P(Q₁)(Q₂), —C(═O)(Q₁), —S(═O)(Q₁), —S(═O)₂(Q₁), —P(═O)(Q₁)(Q₂), and —P(═S)(Q₁)(Q₂); R₁₇ and R₁₁, R₁₇ and R₁₂, R₁₇ and R₁₃, and/or R₁₇ and R₁₄ are optionally linked to each other to form a substituted or unsubstituted C₅-C₆₀ carbocyclic group or a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heterocyclic group, R₁₇ and R₁₈ are optionally linked to each other to form a substituted or unsubstituted C₅-C₆₀ carbocyclic group or a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heterocyclic group, b11 to b14 are each independently selected from 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8; X₂₁ is selected from O, S, N(R₂₄), and C(R₂₄)(R₂₅); X₂₂ to X₂₅ are each independently selected from N and C, A₂₁ and A₂₂ are each independently selected from a C₅-C₆₀ carbocyclic group and a C₁-C₆₀ heterocyclic group; X₃₁ is N, N—*, or C(R₃₁), X₃₂ is N, N—*, or C(R₃₂), X₃₃ is N, N—*, or C(R₃₃), X₃₄ is N, N—*, or C(R₃₄), X₃₅ is N, N—*, or C(R₃₅), X₃₆ is N, N—*, or C(R₃₆), X₃₇ is N, N—*, or C(R₃₇), and X₃₈ is N, N—*, or C(R₃₈), two or more selected from X₃₁ to X₃₄ are each independently N or N—*, one or more selected from X₃₅ to X₃₈ are each independently N or N—*, A₃₁ is selected from a C₅-C₆₀ carbocyclic group and a C₁-C₆₀ heterocyclic group; A₃₂ is a C₁-C₆₀ heterocyclic group containing at least one N, R₂₁ to R₂₅ and R₃₁ to R₃₉ are each independently selected from a binding site, hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroarylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, —Si(Q₁)(Q₂)(Q₃), —B(Q₁)(Q₂), —N(Q₁)(Q₂), —P(Q₁)(Q₂), —C(═O)(Q₁), —S(═O)(Q₁), —S(═O)₂(Q₁), —P(═O)(Q₁)(Q₂), and —P(═S)(Q₁)(Q₂); one, two, or three selected from R₂₁ to R₂₅ are binding sites, one, two, or three selected from R₃₁ to R₃₄ and R₃₉ are binding sites, one, two, or three selected from R₃₅ to R₃₉ are binding sites, Q₁ to Q₃ are each independently selected from hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryloxy group, a C₁-C₆₀ heteroarylthio group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, a biphenyl group, and a terphenyl group; and * and *′ each indicate a binding site to a neighboring atom. 